Native Peoples of America To 1500

How did they get here? Boats, much like kayaks, traveled the coast line from Asia to North America. Bering Land Bridge

Who did they hang out with? Nomadic Tribes: Moved from place to place following an animal herd, or looking for food to hunt and gather. Paleo Indians: lived in small bands of 15-50 people. Reciprocity: Mutual bestowing of gifts and favors rather than competition for resources.

What is Happening? Ice Age: Sea levels rose, New Waterways Climate Change: Things are getting warmer Animal Extinction: Mastodon, Mammoth Creation of new Forest areas

Now what? The climate change created a lot of changes. Archaic Peoples: Native American people from 8000bce-2500bce Lived off fish, smaller animals, and wild plants Villages vs Nomadic Tribes Distinction between Male and Female roles. Men: hunted, fished Women: foraged for food Both: served as religious healers

If we plant it, it will grow. Agricultural Societies Women started to realize they could manipulate the plants they were eating. They started planting the seeds and producing food to eat Created tools for digging and grinding Drying and storing seeds Soon these areas were domesticating animals America lacked large animals so they domesticated: Guinea Pigs, Llamas, Dogs, and Turkeys These plants include squash, gourds, chili peppers, and fruits, corn. It would still take centuries for the societies to be based solely on agriculture, but this allowed them to stay in one area longer and it allowed them to supplement their diet with something other than hunted meat.

Thank God for Farmers Centuries later societies would be built around farming. They would be able to grow a surplus of crops This created trade. Farming Surplus of crops Trade  Large City Centers  Civilizations The farming allowed for trade to develop which allowed for large city centers to develop which led to full blown civilizations. This would create a huge revolution of settling into one place and staying there for the goods it could provide you.

The Maya, Aztec, Inca The Maya: Mexico-Honduras The Aztec: Mexico Kingdom-States Written Language & Numbers Studied the Stars The Aztec: Mexico 200,000 inhabitants Relied heavily on agriculture, floating islands Collected Taxes The Inca: Peru Terraced irrigation systems Advanced Farming Roads and Bridges

The Southwest Hokokam Anasazi Southern Arizona, along the Gila and Salt River Farming society Established institutions: government, coordinated work forces, Celebrated Recreation: Ball Courts, Artists, etc. Anasazi Located in the four corners: Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado Kivas: a large chamber often underground, used for religious and other purposes. Wet season allowed them to spread across much of the Southwest, but drought drastically affected their size later.

Your Turn A big part of this class will be how well you can read and take notes from the book. I have done the first part of Chapter 1 for you. Starting on page 8 Finish the rest of the chapter while taking notes for your quiz next week.