World War I: “The Great War” Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary

1879 The Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia1881 Austro-Serbian Alliance Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia 1882 The Triple Alliance  Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia1914 Triple Entente (no separate peace) Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peace separately. 1894 Franco-Russian Alliance  Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary1907 Triple Entente  This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany.1907 Anglo-Russian Entente This was an agreement between Britain and Russia1904 Entente Cordiale This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.

Militarism 1. Rise in Military Expenditures 2. Military influence on civilian govn’t 3. Glorification of the military The Total Defense Expenditure of the Powers (in million £ ) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Britain, France and Russia) 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94£ 130£ 154£ 268£ 289£ 398£

Lawrence of Arabia

British Nurses and Doctors

French Farmers

Tsar Nicholas II

Tsarina Alexandra

Gregory Rasputin

Britain :  750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded Belgium : 50,000 soldiers killed Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed America : 116,000 soldiers killed Those who had fought against the Allies suffered heavy casualties as well: Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killed Austria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killed Turkey : 325,000 soldiers killed Bulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killed

The "Big Three" were David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France Woodrow Wilson of America.