Biology Bell ringer 10/30/2017 What process turns energy from the sun (light) it to chemical energy (carbohydrates) for use by the cell? Cellular respiration Phosphorylation Photosynthesis Hydrolysis

Transformation of Energy Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Transformation of Energy Energy is the ability to do work. All organisms depend on the flow of energy. The sun is the ultimate source of energy for almost all food chains. Exception: Hydrothermal Vents deep in the ocean.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. (They are the entry point for energy into the food chain.) Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy.

All of the chemical reactions in a cell Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell Photosynthesis—light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy (carboyhydrates) for use by the cell Cellular respiration—organic molecules (mainly carbs) are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

Photosynthesis = Energy Storage Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Metabolism cont’d. REMEMBER… Photosynthesis = Energy Storage Cellular respiration = Energy Release

ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy Adenosine Triphosphate - a special molecule that stores & releases energy in its bonds for the needs of the cell.

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP cont’d ATP releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, forming a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP cont’d Phosphorylation = when the last phosphate group is transferred to another molecule with the help of an enzyme.

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Energy can be stored by adding a phosphate group back to the ADP molecule. ATP cont’d

build organelles & membranes maintain homeostasis move Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP cont’d Cells use ATP to… make new molecules build organelles & membranes maintain homeostasis move transmit impulses produce light etc.

All of the energy from the food you eat comes from the sun. Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 Formative Questions All of the energy from the food you eat comes from the sun. true false A B FQ 2

Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) such an Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 Formative Questions Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) such an important biological molecule? It captures light energy from the sun. It is produced in anabolic pathways. It stores and releases chemical energy. It converts mechanical energy to thermal energy. A B C D FQ 4

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Chapter Assessment Questions Look at the following figure. Which molecule is released when ATP becomes ADP? phosphate group water molecule ribose sugar energy cells A B C D CAQ 3