Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics First Law of Thermodynamics

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 32 Review of van der Waals Critical Values

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 33 van der Waals Results

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 34 van der Waals Results Substance P c v c /RT c He0.327 H2H O2O CO H2OH2O0.233 Hg0.909

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 35 Configuration Work đ W = PdV Gas, Liquid, Solid:

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 36 Kinds of Processes Often, something is held constant. Examples: dV = 0isochoric or isovolumic process dQ = 0adiabatic process dP = 0isobaric process dT = 0isothermal process

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 37 Work done by a gas For isochoric process dV = 0, so W = 0 For isobaric process dP = 0, so W = P V đW = PdV

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 38 Work done by a gas

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 39 Work done by an ideal gas For isothermal process dT = 0, so T = constant.

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 310 Isothermal Process

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 311 Heat Capacity Heat capacity measures the amount of heat that must be added to a system to increase its temperature by a given amount. Its definition: where y is a property of the system that is kept constant as heat is added.

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 312 Heat Capacity Properties that are usually kept constant for a hydrostatic system are volume or pressure. Then,

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 313 Heat Capacity Clearly, the heat capacity depends on the size of the system under consideration. To get rid of that effect, and have a heat capacity that depends only on the properties of the substance being studied, two other quantities are defined: specific heat capacity, and molar heat capacity.

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 314 Specific Heat Capacity Specific heat capacity is the heat capacity per mass of the system. A lower case letter is used to represent the specific heat capacity. Then, if m is the mass of the system,

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 315 Molar Heat Capacity Molar heat capacity is the heat capacity per mole of the system. A lower case letter is used to represent the molar heat capacity. Then, if there are n moles in the system,

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 316 Shorter Version Use heat per mass.

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 317 c P – c V đq = du + Pdv where u(T,v)

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 318 Constant Volume

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 319 Constant Pressure

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 320 Ideal Gas u is not a function of v.

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 321 Adiabatic Process For an ideal gas, and most real gasses, đQ = dU + PdV đQ = C V dT + PdV,. Then, when đQ = 0,

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 322 Adiabatic Process For an ideal gas, PV=nRT, so

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 323 Adiabatic Process

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 324 Adiabatic Process

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 325 Adiabatic Process

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 326 Adiabatic Process

Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 327 for Ideal Gasses