High & Late Middle Ages Students will be able to discuss the continuous merger of Church & state & what it meant for people of England (including Papal Supremacy in 1198) Students will be able to compare and contrast Henry II’s common law/jury system to present day U.S. courts Students will be able to describe the importance of the Magna Carta back then & today Students will be able to discuss the Crusades. Why did they occur? Who was fighting? Who won? What was the cultural & economic impact? How does this relate to tensions in that region today? Students will be able to explain the impact of the Black Death on the world during the Middle Ages

Royal Power Middle Ages High Middle Ages (1100-1300) Monarchs try to regain power By late 500s England has been solidified as a country

Royal Power Changes William the Conqueror Henry II Creates census for better taxing (Domesday Book) Henry II 1154 inherits throne develops jury system Argues w/ friend Archbishop of Cantebury, Thomas Becket, over right of English courts to try clergy members

Royal Power Changes John Son of Henry  2 enemies: King Philip II of France & Pope Innocent III 1215 overtaxing & other abuses of power Nobles force him to sign Magna Carta Parliament evolves House of Lords Nobles & high clergy House of Commons Knights & middle class citizens

France Capetians Philip II (Augustus) 987 Hugh Capet chosen to fill French throne Philip II (Augustus) 1179 Philip becomes king Quadrupled French holdings (includes land taken from Henry)

France Louis IX Philip IV Estates General 1226 becomes king Expanded royal courts, outlawed private wars, & ended serfdom Philip IV Louis’s grandson Ruthless Estates General 1302 created by Philip Representatives from 3 estates (classes) – clergy, nobles, & townspeople

Holy Roman Empire & Church Pope or Emperor Actions Effects 962 - Otto I (German King) Cooperated w/ church Pope crowned Otto emperor 1054 - Henry IV (German Emperor) Gregory VII (Pope) 1122- Concordat of Worms  church had sole power to elect bishops w/ spiritual authority but emperor could still grant fiefs. 1100s - Frederick I (Barbarossa) (German Emperor) Wanted control of Italy (fails). Does arrange marriage b/w son Henry & Sicilian heiress, Constance. 1198 – Pope Innocent III Strengthened papal power Extended papal states Reformed church courts

The Crusades (1096-1204) Islam Religion spreading Turk invasion prevents Christians from entering Holy Land Urban wanted to try to reconnect Roman & Byzantine empires 1187 Jerusalem fell again to Muslims – Muslim leader was Salah al-Din (Saladin) Crusades bloody on both sides, but does increase trade & money economy

Reconquista North African Muslims (Moors) conquer much of present day Spain in 700s 1469 marriage of Ferdinand & Isabella re-unifies Spain Under Moor control there was religious toleration

Learning & Culture Universities Scholarship New Ideas Gothic Style 900s Medical school 1158 Legal school 1100s Train clergy Scholarship Started 5am for prayer, ate @ 10am, classes then til 5pm, dinner, study til bed Must memorize what heard in lecture Arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music, grammar, rhetoric, logic Women not allowed New Ideas Muslim leaders translate works of Aristotle & other Greeks which then gets translated to other languages for people to study Scholasticism  using reason to support Christian beliefs Gothic Style Flying buttresses (supports outside church so can build taller & bigger) Creates space for stained-glass windows

Plague, Church, & War (1300s-1400s) Causes of Black Death 1357 Genoese traders fall sick & spreads throughout Italy Black Death in Europe No way to stop it Effects of Black Death 1/3 people died

Plague, Church, & War (1300s-1400s) Causes of Hundred Years War 1337-1453 War between England & France Hundred Years War Events English winning into early 1400s English had superior longbow weapon France regained most territory by 1453 Effects of Hundred Years War French kings become more powerful