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POD # 8 Layers of the Earth What are seismic waves? Is the crust made up of layers? What creates the Earth’s magnetic field? What is the inner core made of?

Layers of the Earth

Inner Core Solid iron due to extreme pressure and temperature Approximately 3,150 miles from the crust

Inner Core Approximately 9,000° F Does move and vibrate in place

Outer Core Surrounds inner core Liquid metal (iron and nickel)

Outer Core Approximately 4,000°F to 9,000°F Approximately1,800 miles from the crust

Outer Core As Earth rotates, the liquid outer core spins to create Earth’s magnetic field

Mantle Layer between crust and core Composed of very hot, dense rock and iron

Mantle Approximately 1,800 miles thick – the thickest layer Approximately 1,600°F to 4,000 °F

Mantle Less dense near crust – More dense near core Contains 67% of Earth’s mass

Asthenosphere Below the lithosphere Upper part of the mantle Hotter, softer rock that will flow slowly

Asthenosphere Motion of the Asthenosphere causes continents to drift

Lithosphere Bottom part of Earth’s crust and the very top of the mantle Most rigid of all layers Approximately 100 km thick

Lithosphere Sits on top of the Asthenosphere

Moho Boundary between Earth’s crust and the mantle

Crust Outer most layer Thinnest layer – ranging from 5 to 70 km thick Less than 1% of Earth’s mass

Crust 2 types of crust – continental crust (granite) oceanic crust (basalt) Temperature 0°F to 1, 600°F depending on air temperature