“The Lumber Yard” Ribosomes site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made) assembled in nucleolus of cell “The Lumber Yard”

GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY or COMPLEX) Pancake like membrane stacks “The Post Office” Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell

Golgi apparatus: The golgi apparatus modifies proteins and other molecules chemically and structurally and repackages them into vesicles that then travel to the cell membrane to be expelled. Proteins Transport vesicle Protein

Golgi Apparatus

Endoplasmic Reticulum A.k.a. “ER” Connected to nuclear membrane Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes. “The Highway”

Rough ER is “rough” because of ribosomes attached (sites of protein synthesis) Smooth ER – lack ribosomes

Electron micrograph of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes

LYSOSOMES Digest food, unwanted molecules, Animation from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/lysosomes.html Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINS called digestive enzymes Digest food, unwanted molecules, old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc

Lysosomes: waste and recycling plant of the cell, destroyer of invading disease causing cells membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes – made in the Golgi apparatus The enzymes break down food particles and destroy old, worn-out cell parts, and in white blood cells, bacteria and viruses.

Cytoplasm Extracellular fluid Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Phagocytosis Food vesicle Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Transport vesicle Old or damaged organelle Plasma membrane Digestion of phagocytized food particles or cells Breakdown of old organelle Extracellular fluid

Nucleolus “The Copy Room” **Not the same as the Nucleus** In the center of the nucleus Composed of protein and nucleic acid Produces ribosomes for the cell **Not the same as the Nucleus**