Mutations (Ch. 17).

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Advertisements

Changes to the Genetic Code

Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein. Making a protein Many RNAs needed –mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

Proteins are made by decoding the Information in DNA Proteins are not built directly from DNA.

Protein Synthesis describe and model how information in our DNA code is used for creating proteins.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid. Structure of RNA  Single stranded  Ribose Sugar  5 carbon sugar  Phosphate group  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NOTES #1. Review What is transcription? Copying of DNA onto mRNA Where does transcription occur? In the Nucleus When copying DNA onto.

PART 1 - DNA REPLICATION PART 2 - TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION.

Mutations (Ch. 17) Mutations Point mutations – single base change silent mutation – no amino acid change – redundancy in code missense – change amino.

RNA Structure Like DNA, RNA is a nucleic acid. RNA is a nucleic acid made up of repeating nucleotides.

DNA: genes on chromosomes DNA is composed of nucleotides A Nucleotide has: - Deoxyribose Sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogen Base Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine.

WARM UP What is the Central Dogma? What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA? Where does transcription occur?

Using a Codon Chart & Mutations Today’s Goal: Review codons and anticodons and describe several types of mutations. Quiz tomorrow over ch 12 and 13 material.

Mutations and Evolution More on Biochemistry and Vertebrate Evolution From:

Chapter 8: DNA and RNA Section 8-3: RNA. Introductory Question How is the genetic code decoded? What does it say?

Lesson Four Structure of a Gene. Gene Structure What is a gene? Gene: a unit of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein(s) –Exons –Introns –Promoter.

the Genetic Code Shown as mRNA 5′ → 3′ 64 codons Redundant

Mutations in DNA changes in the DNA sequence that can be inherited can have negative effects (a faulty gene for a trans- membrane protein leads to cystic.

DNA, RNA, PROTEIN REVIEW. 1. What are all living things made of? 2. In what organelle is the genetic material located? 3. What is the name of the molecule.

 During replication (in DNA), an error may be made that causes changes in the mRNA and proteins made from that part of the DNA  These errors or changes.

 Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______.

DNA, RNA and Protein.

G U A C G U A C C A U G G U A C A C U G UUU UUC UUA UCU UUG UCC UCA

From DNA to Protein.

Do Now: What is a gene? A sequence of nucleotides

DNA, RNA, and Proteins.

Lesson Four Structure of a Gene.

Lesson Four Structure of a Gene.

Translation PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

DNA/GENE MUTATIONS.

From Gene to Protein How Genes Work (Ch. 17).

“How does it affect the protein?”

Gene Mutations.

What do genes code for? How does DNA code for cells & bodies? DNA

Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein.

Review: Can you tell the story of protein synthesis?

Types of Mutations.

Review Sheet: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Step 3 in Protein Synthesis

Gene Mutations.

Section Objectives Relate the concept of the gene to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Sequence the steps involved in protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis Translation.

Gene Mutations Essential Question: How do changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence affect the resulting protein?

Mutations (Ch. 17).

Chapter 6.3 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 12 (2011)

RNA Ribonucleic Acid.

Mutations changes in the DNA sequence that can be inherited

Mutations (Section 17-5) Now, that you know how gene expression works, let’s see how changes in the gene affect how the protein is made.

Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein.

Transcription and Translation

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Topic #3: Types of Mutations

Unit 6 Notes: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS & MUTATIONS

Mutation Notes.

Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein.

DO NOW In RNA what letter replaces Thymine?

Protein synthesis.

C-Notes: Mutations Stnd: BI.4.c 10/23/13

DNA, RNA, and Mutations Study guide review.

TRANSLATION and MUTATIONS

Presentation transcript:

Mutations (Ch. 17)

When do mutations affect the next generation? Point mutations single base change silent mutation no amino acid change redundancy in code missense change amino acid Changes the final protien nonsense change to stop codon Stopping prematurely When do mutations affect the next generation?

Point mutation leads to Sickle cell anemia What kind of mutation? What structure has the mutation? RNA or DNA

Mutations Frameshift shift in the reading frame changes everything “downstream” insertions adding base(s) deletions losing base(s) Where would this mutation cause the most change: beginning or end of gene?

What’s the value of mutations?

Review Questions

1. If proteins were composed of only 12 different kinds of amino acids, what would be the small-est possible codon size in a genetic system with four different nucleotides? 1 2 3 4 12 Answer: b Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #9

2. A portion of the genetic code is UUU = phenylalanine, GCC = alanine, AAA = lysine, and CCC = proline. Assume the correct code places the amino acids phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine in a protein (in that order). Which of the following DNA sequences would substitute proline for alanine? AAA-CGG-TTA AAT-CGG-TTT AAA-CCG-TTT AAA-GGG-TTT AAA-CCC-TTT Answer: d Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #20

3. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein. A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. Answer: b Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #75

4. A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA 4. A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is TTT. UUA. UUU. AAA. either UAA or TAA, depending on wobble in the first base. Answer: d Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #39

The dipeptide that will form will be 5. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The following activated transfer RNA molecules are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid GGC Proline CGU Alanine UGC Threonine CCG Glycine ACG Cysteine CGG The dipeptide that will form will be cysteine-alanine. proline-threonine. glycine-cysteine. alanine-alanine. threonine-glycine. Answer: b Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Seventh Edition, Question #42