The Crusades
Goal: Retake the Holy Land from Muslim Empire
The First Crusade began on November 27, 1095, with a proclamation from Pope Urban II delivered to clergy and lay folk. The Pope had received an appeal for help from the Byzantine Emperor.
Reconquista: an effort to drive all non-Christians from the Iberian peninsula
The Spanish Inquisition After the Reconquista, the Spanish government wanted to unify Spain by removing all non-Christians. Trials were set up where Jewish & Muslim people were tortured, murdered, or expelled from the country.
How did the crusades help end the Dark Ages in Europe? Increased trade between the Middle East & Europe helped bring Europe out of the Dark Ages Spread of knowledge Cultural diffusion