WARM UP - MAY 11 GRAB THE GUIDED NOTES AND HANDOUTS FROM THE FRONT TABLE ANSWER THESE REVIEW QUESTIONS ON TODAY’S GUIDED NOTES 1. Who was President of the Confederacy? Where was the Confederacy’s capital? 2. What were the 3 parts of the Union’s Anaconda Plan to defeat the Confederacy? 3. Name one strength and one weakness of the Union Army 4. Name one strength and one weakness of the Confederate Army 5. What were the four major early battles of the Civil War?

EARLY BATTLES Battle of Bull Run – Date: July 1861 Outcome: Confederacy Wins Significance: First major bloodshed of the Civil War Confederate wins improves their morale George McClellan named Union Army General

EARLY CIVIL WAR BATTLES Battle of Shiloh – Date: April 1862 Outcome: Union Wins Significance: Confederates ambushed Union troops Union counterattacked, Confederates retreat

EARLY CIVIL WAR BATTLES Battle Of Antietam – Date: Sept 1862 Outcome: Union Wins Significance: Bloodiest single day of battle during the entire war More than 26,000 deaths (More than War of 1812 and Mexican-American War combined) Confederates retreat, McClellan doesn’t follow, gets fired by Lincoln

8.6 – THE POLITICS OF WAR

Foreign Aid? Both sides believed Great Britain would give aid. Confederacy – GB needs our cotton Union – GB abolished slavery, cannot support Confederacy in a war that is partially over slavery GB declared neutrality. Found other cotton supplies Could not support slavery

Lincoln and Slavery Lincoln morally disagreed with slavery BUT didn’t believe it was within the federal government’s power to abolish it where it already existed. Lincoln claimed he waged war to preserve the Union. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.” - Lincoln

Emancipation as a Weapon Confederacy’s economic and military success relied on slave labor. Emancipation of southern slaves could be a weapon for the Union. Slaves would rebel in Confederate states and possibly help Union Great Britain might agree to help Union because agreed with abolition.

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863; freed all slaves in Confederate states not occupied by Union troops DID NOT emancipate slaves in slave states still in the Union DID NOT emancipate slaves in areas in the south occupied by Union troops Allowed free blacks to enlist in the Union army

Reactions to the Emancipation Proclamation Symbolic importance Freed only a portion of slaves Allowed Lincoln to use the military power of Commander in Chief to take a stand on slavery – “to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy” Gave the war a moral purpose Union – divided Northern Democrats - This will cause a prolonged war Strengthened support for the war from abolitionists Not all northerners or Union soldiers were abolitionists, but reluctantly supported it if it was going to save the Union Confederacy – outraged As a separate nation, they didn’t have to free any slaves – viewed the proclamation an attempt to take away private property Became more devoted to fighting against the Union

The Reality of the Emancipation Proclamation

Both Sides Faced Political Problems Neither side was completely unified during the Civil War. Union supporters in the Confederacy. Confederate supporters in the Union. How should the governments handle critics? How can each government ensure a steady supply of men to fight in their armies?

Dealing with Dissent Dissent – disagreement, criticism Lincoln suspended habeas corpus during the Civil War. The right NOT to be held without evidence of a crime or the possibility of a trial Guaranteed in the Constitution, however in times of national crisis, presidents have been known to suspend it. Gave Union authorities to jail anyone without having to actually charge them with a crime or give them a trial. Over 13,000 Confederate supporters were held in the Union without a trial Copperheads were also held (Northern Democrats who urged compromise with the Confederacy)

Drafting Most soldiers on both sides were volunteers. Conscription –drafting of citizens to serve in military Due to large numbers of death and desertions (runaways) Confederacy – men 17-50 exempt if you own more than 20 slaves or could pay someone to take your place “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” Union – men 20-45 $300 to avoid or could pay someone to take your place

NYC Draft Riots NYC – many poor, diseased, crowded into slums Immigrants did not want to be drafted Couldn’t pay to avoid service Didn’t want to free slaves – competition for low paying jobs July 13-16, 1863 – rioters attacked… draft offices, Republican newspaper offices homes of anti-slavery leaders rich white men on the street (looked like they could afford to avoid service) blacks Ended by federal troops  over 100 died

NYC Draft Riots