The Classification of Matter

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Presentation transcript:

The Classification of Matter SCH3U Unit 1: Matter, Chemical Trends and Chemical Bonding

What is Chemistry?

Matter Matter is anything that takes up space It is anything that has mass and volume We describe and identify matter based on its properties (characteristics). Physical properties Chemical properties

Physical Properties Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing the chemical composition of a substance. Qualitative properties are physical properties that can only be described in words. Quantitative properties are physical properties that can be measured or expressed numerically.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are characteristics that are observed when the chemical composition of the material is changed (ie: a chemical change takes place).

Qualitative Properties Quantitative Properties Properties of Matter Physical Properties Chemical Properties Qualitative Properties Quantitative Properties Physical state Melting point Reactivity with water Colour Boiling point Reactivity with air Odour Density Reactivity with O2 Crystal shape Solubility Reactivity with acids Malleability Electrical conductivity Reactivity with pure substances Ductility Thermal conductivity Toxicity Hardness Combustibility Decomposition

Remember…? Physical and chemical changes A physical change doesn’t affect the chemical identity or composition of matter Ex. Change in state A chemical change alters the chemical composition of matter, resulting in at least one new substance being formed Four signs of a chemical change: Colour change Production of gas Formation of precipitate Energy released or absorbed (heat/light)

Classifying Matter Pure Substances: have a definite, fixed composition Elements: substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances Compounds: chemical combination of two or more elements. They always contain the same proportion of elements. sodium (Na) sodium chloride (NaCl)

Classifying Matter Mixtures: a combination of two or more substances. Solutions (homogeneous mixture): mixtures with uniform properties and composition. Mechanical mixture (heterogeneous mixture): mixtures where the individual components are visible.

Classifying Matter MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS SOLUTIONS (HOMOGENEOUS) MECHANICAL MIXTURES (HETEROGENEOUS)