9 The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System I. Introduction A. = control system composed of Endocrine Glands that make Hormones B. Major Organ Systems & Processes Controlled

Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male) Figure 9.3

C. How Hormones work *Hormones: Define 2. *Target Cells & Organs = 3. Protein Receptors 4. How do Hormones affect the DNA molecules? Then, proteins do what? 5. Connection to Brain: Brain/Hypothalamus Hormone DNA Specific Proteins then produced ORGAN RESPONSE: proteins affect what cells and organs are doing Receptor TTARGET CELL

II. Specific Hormones A. Pituitary Gland I-C. How Hormones Work … II. Specific Hormones A. Pituitary Gland 1. *Location: *Two lobes: name and give type tissue 2. Importance: Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland

Releasing hormones secreted into portal circulation Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Hypophyseal portal system Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Growth hormone (GH) Bones and muscles Prolactin (PRL) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Thyrotropic hormone (TH) Adrenal cortex Mammary glands Thyroid Testes or ovaries Figure 9.4

3. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary a. Stimulus for Release: b. Growth hormone ii) *Target Organs: the two main ones are? iii) Functions: Overall is Metabolism Cell Division & Growth of: Use of Fats for energy, iv) *Disorders– What is the Cause and Affect? *Pituitary dwarfism *Gigantism

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary… c. *Prolactin *Target Organ *Function: d. Reproductive Stimulating Hormones Function: Involvement of Hypothalamus:

4. *Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Name them & give Target a. *Where are Hormones made? b. ADH = *__________________ hormone *Target Organ Function: c. *____________________ *Target Organs Functions: (1) (2)

B. Thyroid Gland Stimulus for Release: *Location Hormones– Name the two hormones a. * _________________ Target Cells Functions Disorders: Hyper- and Hypo-Thyroidism: Thyroid Gland 10

Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease) Figure 9.9 11

C. Adrenal Glands– Adrenal Medulla 1. *Location: 2. Hormones– many, we will do two Epinephrine (adrenaline) b. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Deal with: Adrenal Gland 12

D. Pancreas-- Pancreatic Islets 1. *Location: 2. Hormones Name the two hormones a. * ___________-- Function: b. *___________-- Function: 3. Disorders-- Hyperglycemia 4. Other Pancreas Function: Pancreas 13

E. Gonads *Gonads: define *Location *Hormones of the Ovaries name the two hormones *_________________ Function: 3. Hormones of the Testes name the hormone *___________________ Function: Gonads 14

END F. Other Organs that make one or a few Hormones Kidney produces Erythropoietin: Stomach and Intestine produce Gastrin: END