Introduction to the Industrial Revolution 1700-1900 Chapter 9 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution 1700-1900

Why do we care? The Industrial Revolution: The shift, beginning in 18th century England, from making goods by hand to making them by machine. The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread elsewhere. The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

The Agricultural Revolution Wealthy landowners bought up small village farms. Divided large farm land into enclosures Allowed landowners to: Experiment with new farming methods. Force small farmers to either become tenant farmers, or move to the cities.

Enclosure Experiments

Enclosure Experiments Jethro Tull invented the seed drill. Crop rotation: system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.

Enclosure Experiments Results: Increased food supply Better living conditions Bigger population People move to the cities to become factory workers

Britain’s Advantages Natural Resources: Factors of Production: Water power and coal to fuel machines Iron to make machines, tools, and buildings River transportation Harbors for merchant ships. Factors of Production: Land Labor Capital (money)

Flying Shuttle John Kay

Steam Engines Steam Tractor Steam Boat

Steam Engines: Railroads

Liverpool-Manchester Railroad

“The Great Land Serpent”

Importance of Railroads Cheap way for manufacturers to transport materials and finished goods Created jobs Railroad workers Miners Boosted agricultural and fishing industries Made traveling easier for people moving to the city for work or wealthy city dwellers to the countryside