End of Reconstruction End with the Election of 1876 and the Hayes-Tilden Compromise (Election ends in a draw) Hayes-Tilden Compromise Republican Candidate Hayes wins presidency Republicans must withdraw the military from the South South will no longer have military protection Democrats will control states governments in the South

South After Reconstruction Sharecropping Most former slaves and poor whites will be sharecroppers Farmers who must pay rent for the land they use Most are poor and barely able to get by Black Codes Laws passed by Southern states to limit blacks from certain things (owning guns or testifying against whites) Ku Klux Klan Hate group formed to intimidate blacks and prevent them from voting and enjoying new freedoms (13, 14, 15 amendments)

South After Reconstruction Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- US Supreme Court case that ruled on segregation- said separate but equal was Constitutional Defend segregation and Jim Crow laws in the South Jim Crow- laws set up in South to segregate blacks and whites and provide separate facilities (restaurants, hospitals, schools, etc)

Scalawag and Carpetbagger Northerner who moved South during Reconstruction Negative view- wanted to become wealthy and take advantage of poor southerners Scalawag Southerner who supported the Republican party (who opposed slavery) Seen as sell-out by other Southerners- most white southerners will belong to Democratic party

Westward Movement Reasons to move west Cheap land Religious freedom- Mormons move to Utah Gold, silver- 49ers in California Escape segregation and slavery

Westward Expansion Homestead Act Passed in 1862 Offered cheap land in Oklahoma and midwest states Agree to stay on land for 5-10 years Morrill-Land Grant Act States get money to start colleges for agriculture and technology