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Question Notes Tool Box: Summary: (Answer EQ- completed after notes) Topic/ Objective: Understand how chemistry affects living things. Name Date Essential Question: Summarize the affect chemistry has on living things. Period Tool Box: Summary: (Answer EQ- completed after notes) Question Notes

2.1 The Nature of Matter Atom proton (+), neutron (no charge), and electron (-) Isotopes have different # of neutrons- changes mass #, has same chem properties still 2 or more combined elements; molecule is smallest unit of Ionic bonds- 1+ (-) transfered Covalent bonds- (-) shared Subatomic Particles Isotopes vs elements What is a chem. compound? Two types of chem bonds

2.2 Properties of Water Why is water polar? Solutions vs suspensions Acids and Bases Uneven distribution of (-) -H end is slight + -O end is slight - Solution: solute “dissapears” but takes up space; Suspension: non-dissolved material Acid: pH 0-6; high concentration H+ Base: pH 8-14; high concentration OH- Neutral: pH 7; H+=OH-

2.3 Carbon Compounds Monomer + polymer undergo polymerization Carbohydrates: main E source; also structural Lipids: “fats”; store E; also membranes/ waterproof covering Nucleic Acids: store/ transmit DNA or RNA Proteins: contain N, C, H, and O; control rate of rxn/ form bone or muscle/ transport in or out of cell/ fight disease Macromolecules: Organic compounds

2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chem rxn affects chem bond How E changes affect chem rxn Importance of enzymes Chem rxn changes the chem bond joining compounds Release E- spontanous rxn Absorb E- need E source to start rxn Speed up chem rxn (catalyst); base inhibits enzyme = less effective/ acid deactivate enzyme = no rxn

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