Classifying Matter Chapter 1.3

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter

Classes of Matter Matter is able to be classified into two main categories depending on its Composition. Pure Substances are samples of matter that have a constant and definite composition. Ex: Elements and compounds. Mixtures are samples of matter that have two or more pure substances that are combined but not chemically connected. Ex: salt and pepper mixture. Italian Salad Dressing

Pure Substances Are any materials with a fixed composition having definite set of physical and chemical properties There two types of pure substances Elements – unique arrangements of electrons, protons and neutrons that specific properties. Compounds – two or more elements chemically connected with definite composition and arrangements.

Examples Elements: Na – sodium O2 – oxygen Compounds: MgCl2 – Magnesium Chloride H2O – Water H2O2 – Hydrogen Peroxide

Mixtures Are materials with two or more pure substances mixed together but not chemically connected to one another. There are two types of mixtures Homogeneous – one phase with uniform distribution of particles Heterogeneous – clusters of atoms with two or more phases and a non-uniform distribution of particles.

Phases/States of Matter Solid – Sample of matter that has a definite volume and shape. Liquid – Sample of matter that has a definite volume, but it adopts the shape of any container. Gas – Sample of matter that has neither a definite shape nor definite volume. Plasma – Sample of matter at high temperature where individual atoms lose their electrons.

Classifying Matter