Heredity Patterns of Inheritance.

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Presentation transcript:

Heredity Patterns of Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance Not all genes show simple patterns of dominant & recessive alleles Majority of genes have more than 2 alleles Many important traits controlled by more than 1 gene

Patterns of Inheritance Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive Many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes Go beyond Mendel’s principle of dominance

Patterns of Inheritance Incomplete dominance - Condition in which 1 allele is not completely dominant over another heterozygotes have their own phenotype Phenotype expressed is somewhere between dominant and recessive

Patterns of Inheritance incomplete dominance Cross between red-flowered (RR) and white-flowered (rr) plants produced: F1 generation: pink-colored flowers (Rr)

Patterns of Inheritance 2) Codominance Occurs when both alleles for a gene expressed completely Both alleles in the heterozygotes are contributing to the phenotype

Codominance F1 HB HW HBHW Crossing a purebred chestnut brown horse with a purebred white horse: HBHB x HWHW A roan horse occurs F1 HB HW HBHW

Codominance: Human Blood Three alleles in the human race control blood type IA, IB, i These alleles code for certain antigens that will be present on RBC surface Antigen: A certain carb/protein found on a cell’s membrane, elicits an immune response 3 alleles code for 4 blood types…

Codominance: Human Blood

Codominance: ABO blood types

Codominance: ABO blood types

Codominance: ABO blood types

Codominance: ABO blood types

Codominance: ABO blood types

Patterns of Inheritance 3) Multiple Alleles Many genes have more than 2 alleles Does NOT mean individual can have more than 2 alleles More than 2 possible alleles exist in population

Patterns of Inheritance multiple alleles Example: Color in rabbits Rabbits coat color determined by single gene has at least 4 different alleles 4 known alleles display pattern of simple dominance that can produce 4 possible coat colors Figure 11-12, p.273 in text

Patterns of Inheritance 4)Polygenic Traits “having many genes” Traits controlled by 2 or more genes Often show a great variety of phenotypes Examples: skin color, eye color, and hair color