Naming and Drawing Carbon Compounds

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Presentation transcript:

Naming and Drawing Carbon Compounds Today you will learn: How to name a simple hydrocarbon when given its formula. Draw the structural formula when given the name.

I. Naming Straight Chained Hydrocarbons Inorganic carbon compounds, such as CO2, are named using the system with prefixes and suffixes. Most organic compounds are found in living things.

Naming Hydrocarbons Alkanes end with the suffix –ane. Ex: Methane CH4

Naming Hydrocarbons 1 C = Meth-ane 2 C = Eth-ane 3 C = Prop-ane 4 C = But-ane 5 C = Pent-ane Notice that #5-10 6 C = Hex-ane Use the latin prefixes. 7 C = Hept-ane 8 C = Oct-ane 9 C = Non-ane 10 C = Dec-ane

Alkenes & Alkynes C. The names of alkenes and alkynes use the same prefixes as the alkanes but with a change in the suffix to identify that double or triple bonds exist in the molecule.

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). 1. The names of alkenes end with –ene. Ex: C2H4, ethene

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons The names of alkynes end with –yne. Ex: C2H2, Ethyne

Determining Position of Double/Triple Bond The number of the carbons in the molecule is what determines the name of the whole chain. The number out in front is where the multiple bond is located.

Multiple Multiple Bonds F. If there is more than one multiple bond in the molecule the prefixes di- , tri-, etc. are used to denote the number of multiple bonds.

Branching The branch number is the carbon of the main chain the branch is coming off then we name the carbons in the branch the prefix of a normal chain.

Saturated Fats & Unsaturated Fats Saturated fats are made of long straight chains of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl acid group on the end. Unsaturated Fats contains one or more double bonds.

II. Drawing Organic Molecules There are four ways to represent an organic molecule: Chemical Formula C6H12 Structural Formula Skeletal Structure Space filling model

Skeletal Structures The skeletal structures leave out some or all of the carbon and hydrogen atoms. 1. Shows the framework only as lines representing bonds and angles or an end points representing the carbon atoms. 2. It simplifies complex carbon molecules.