Warm Up #7 Draw the possible structures of the following: H2O, NH3, CO2 What is the name of CO2? Explain what happens to the valence electrons in a covalent bond. Why, given the octet rule, does this process differ from an ionic bond, where electrons are donated/received?

Covalent Bonds and Naming

Review Covalent Bond – SHARING electrons Lewis Dot Structures Lone Pairs are NOT shared Goal: 8 valence electrons (or 2)

Naming If dealing with TWO non-metals… PREFIXES are used 1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca

Naming Applied Ex. CO2 If first non-metal has NO subscript…name stays same Second non-metal = prefix ALWAYS Carbon Dioxide Ex. H20 (water) If first non-metal HAS subscript, use prefixes Dihydrogen Monoxide

Quick Quiz #2 yes, you should name these. SO3 N2O Cl2O8 N2O3 (watch out for the last two…) BeO Cu2O

Types of Bonding Single Bond – one electron on each element is shared (F-F) Double Bond – two electrons on each element are shared (O = O) Triple Bond – three electrons on each element are shared (N N)

Sigma and Pi Bonds Bonding affects shape of orbital (p-orbitals) Sigma Bond (σ) – Single, double and triple bonds (1σ each) Pi Bond (π) – Double (1π) and triple bonds (2π) Ex. F – F (1σ) Ex. O = O (1σ, 1π) Ex. N N (1 σ, 2π)