Lesson 3 Protists & Fungi I. Protista. https://youtu. be/0-6dzU4gOJo A Lesson 3 Protists & Fungi I. Protista https://youtu.be/0-6dzU4gOJo A. Characteristics https://youtu.be/-zsdYOgTbOk Kingdom Protista= group of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as fungi, plants or animals Protists have membrane bound organelles Some have chloroplasts Contractile vacuoles that get rid of excess water Sensor organelles for light, heat, and food Protists have complex structures for movement Cilia= short hair like structure that move in a wave pattern Flagella= long whip like structure that propels like a boat

B. Reproduction http://study Asexual reproduction Binary fission= copies DNA and then splits into 2 clones Fragmentation= a piece breaks off and develops into a new individual

Sexual Reproduction= two cells (gametes) join together Each gamete has half of the genetic info (haploid) Come together to make a whole organism (diploid) Increases genetic diversity Gametophytes= adult haploid generation in Protists Sporophytes= adult diploid generation Spores= reproductive cells that are resistant to stressful environmental conditions Alternation of generations= cycle of switching between the haploid and diploid phases of a protist https://youtu.be/6QiIXlOoJI0

B. Groups of Protists https://youtu.be/SCfg3sywC7k Animal like Protists= get nutrients by ingesting other organisms Eat small bacteria, yeast & fungi Can move with cilia or flagella ex: Amoeba Fungus like Protists= absorb nutrients from living or dead organisms Cannot move so they send spores out into the environment where they land and grow on an organism Plant like Protists= producers that float Phytoplankton= produce much of the world’s oxygen Algae= green, red, & brown

II. Kingdom Fungi https://youtu.be/OeCVdLHB5dY A. Characteristics Fungi= (singular fungus) are spore producing organisms that absorb nutrients from the environment Fungi are consumers get nutrients by secreting digestive juices onto a food source, dissolving the food, and then the dissolved food is ingested Fungi cannot move Cell walls are made of chitin (hard substance) Hyphae=chains of threadlike fungal filaments that makes the body of the fungus and grows underground https://youtu.be/70LA0mijzCM

B. Fungi Reproduction https://youtu.be/HLtGRHX0sLI Asexual Reproduction occurs in 3 ways: fragmentation= hyphae break apart and each new piece becomes a new fungus budding= small portion pinches off from the parent to become a new individual spores are released and spread by wind to travel long distances and grow where they land

Sexual reproduction occurs when hyphae from two individuals join together the fused hyphae from a reproductive structure = a mushroom genetic material from both fungi are fused together spores are released from formed mushroom https://youtu.be/Mrphn1zOWaE

C. Types of Fungi https://youtu.be/nVw4Kgvgp44 Zygote Fungi= bread molds, molds that rot fruits, & vegetables some can fight infections used to process soybeans some can cause infections Sac Fungi= largest group of fungi yeasts, powdery mildew, morels, & birds nest fungi microscopic sacs open to release spores make breads and alcohols Club Fungi= mushroom, bracket fungi, smuts and rusts fungal mycelium if one of the worlds largest living organisms (2,383 acres or 1,665 football fields!) Oregon USA

D. Fungi partnerships Mycorrhiza= fungus that grows in or on the roots of plants The fungus breaks down organic matter to provide minerals for the plant The plant photosynthesizes making organic matter for the fungus Lichen= partnership between fungus and green alga or cyanobacterium The alga or cyanobacteria provide food for the fungus through photosynthesis The fungus provides protection(shelter), water, and minerals Creates soil by breaking down rocks Indicates a non-polluted environment b/c they are sensitive Food for animals

https://youtu.be/Bfk0gKbQBuM Nat Geo modern marvels Fungi

Uses of Fungi: https://youtu.be/BlcKBKJ8uro States 5 things that we can now do with fungi