Culture, dugongs and seagrasses Highlights of the DSCP cultural scoping study Bali, 27 February 2019

Nelson Mandela “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, it goes to his heart.”

Key and critical parameters Use of local language. No right or wrong answers. Participant ease and comfort Differences Gender Similarities Key and critical parameters Age, education and occupation Primary information Local community Field staff Corroborative information

Study design 12 THEMES FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 12 GUIDING QUESTIONS LANGUAGE-NATURE LINKS SACRED SITES & SACRED SPECIES TRADITIONAL ART, CONSTRUCTION & ARCHITECTURE OTHER TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATIONS IN LIFESTYLE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE & HEALING PRACTICES RITUALS, FESTIVALS & FOLKLORE TRADITIONAL HUNTING TECHNIQUES TRADITIONAL FISHING TECHNIQUES TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES TRADITIONAL FOODS TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TRADITIONAL LAW AND GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 12 GUIDING QUESTIONS PARTICIPANT DETAILS (VOLUNTARY) 12 THEMES

Analysis Deductive method: predetermined format Inductive method: data determined format 12 themes Focus group discussion questions While effort is taken to maintain as much replicability as possible in the design of the study, it is necessary to keep in mind that unlike quantitative methods, in qualitative data analysis, there are no universally applicable techniques to interpret the information during the analysis. The analytical and critical thinking skills, knowledge, expertise and attitude of the researcher and analyst play a significant role in qualitative data analysis. Hence, having researchers and analysts who are well-versed in either the topic of study or the technique being used is key. * psychographic variables, such as personality, attitudes, lifestyle, etc. Collection of demographic variables are the easiest definitive data to gather Early conversations with the DSCP representatives as well as looking into other DSCP material and secondary data sources, suggested that attitudes, behaviours & cultural nuances in communities were most differentiated by these variables, i.e. men thought differently from women, fishers thought differently from those in other occupations, the community elders had different attitudes and knowledge than the youth. There are 2 main approaches to qualitative analysis: Deductive Approach, which involves analyzing the data based on a structure that is predetermined by the researcher or the research (questionnaire), or Inductive Approach, which is not based on a structured or predetermined framework; instead the data content determines the framework, if at all

What does this scoping study mean for conservation effectiveness? Standardized scheme with content flexibility Replicability and Economy of scale Basis for developing and conducting detailed cultural evaluation Allows for rich and diverse techniques of presentation Pre-cursor to stakeholder engagement and engaging with experts Recording change and highlighting trends over time What does this scoping study mean for conservation effectiveness?

Lessons learned Never under-estimate interest in culture! Multidisciplinary input, multidisciplinary output A cultural scoping study must precede a cultural evaluation study Mapping cultural trends can help us prepare proactively for the future National conservation plans and tourism plans must consider cultural aspect. Important to streamline our efforts. Missed opportunity on indigenous self-identification Awareness of survey fatigue

THANK YOU! LEELA VATUSOA RANIL ALIMA PATRICIA MIHARI TRUDIANN CHELCIA JAOHERY