Roman Empire.

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Presentation transcript:

Roman Empire

Pax Romana = Roman Peace 31 BCE – 180 CE 200-year span between Augustus and Marcus Aurelius Augustus: 31 BCE - 14 CE ended civil war and created a stable government Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 Plato’s ideal of the philosopher-king

Period of Political Turmoil: 180-284 Diocletian: 284-305 divided empire into eastern and western parts - ruled in the east instituted economic reforms fixed prices for goods and services farmers working on latifundias had to remain on the land sons were required to follow their father’s occupations Constantine: 312-337 granted freedom of religion - legalizing Christianity

Roman Society patriarchal family women gained greater public freedom: business, theater, baths

Achievements access to education: all classes and both sexes engineering: roads, bridges, aqueducts, harbors, and baths literature: Virgil’s Aeneid - epic poem glorifying Rome’s heroic past, Ovid’s The Metamorphoses - tales of Greek/Roman gods law: principles later incorporated into U.S Bill of Rights

Bread & Circus to feed and entertain the masses chariot races, gladiator fights, mock naval battles, and public executions

Problematic Neighbors Germanic tribes: Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Vandals semi-nomadic invaders originally from Scandinavia Huns fierce nomads and superb riders and warriors from Central Asia drove more Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire

Causes of Decline Political division of empire = less capable leaders in the west oppression and corruption = less popular support no official system of succession = internal power struggles and civil wars between rival generals

Causes of Decline Military poorly trained armies mercenaries (foreign soldiers who fight for pay) had no loyalty series of Germanic invasions

Causes of Decline Economic increase in taxes to support army and bureaucracy reliance on slave labor - created unemployment indenture of farmers to wealthy landowners no more loot from newly conquered territories

Causes of Decline Social decline in population from war and disease decline in patriotism, discipline and devotion to duty devotion of upper classes to luxury and self-interest Germanic rulers became as acceptable as Roman rulers

Fall of Rome ~ 476 CE Odoacer, a minor German chief, captured Rome, forced the emperor to give up the throne, and proclaimed himself King of Italy.