Imperialism Impacts

1. Political and Social Impacts on Africa

Responses to Europe Ex. of resistance Herero people Sahel Kingdom of Asante Ethiopia German Execution of a Herero Man

Attempts to Continue Life Became increasingly difficult due to colonial rule Landholding changes most disruptive

2. Economic Impacts Railroads

A. Forced Labor Congo Free State most notorious ex.

B. Cash-Crop Agriculture Increase in cash-crop production British Burma key ex.

C. Types of Wage Labor

Plantations

Mines Two key examples: Tin mines in Malaysia Gold and diamond mines in South Africa

Discussion How does the economic exploitation of “new” imperialism compare to “old” imperialism (original colonies in the Americas)?

3. Cultural Changes

A. Education Western edu. Generated a new identity Europeans did not treat others as equals

B. Religion

Conversion

Attraction of Christianity Military defeat shook confidence Associated w/ modern education Provided for new opportunities

Religion in Africa Christianity combined with traditional religious beliefs Continued to practice old traditions Separatist movements established

Religion in India No large scale spread of Christianity Intellectuals established Hindu identity

Discussion How does religious impacts during the New Imperialism compare to Old Imperialism?

4. Growth of Nationalism

Idea of an African Identity

5. New States on the edge of empires

Major States 1. Cherokee 2. Siam 3. Hawaii 4. Zulu United States Britain 3. Hawaii 4. Zulu

Zulu Empire (1816-1897)

Origins: Shaka Zulu (1787-1828)

Overview

Military Reforms

Other Reforms Made the religion subservient to the state Instituted political change Incorporated defeated clans into the nation

Expansion under the Zulu By 1828, kingdom heavily expanded Forced some to migrate and leave

After Shaka Zulu faced growing problem European encroachment Had border issues with the Boers and British (in Natal)

Anglo-Zulu War (1879)

Background Boundary commission formed in 1878 Presented unfavorable terms to the Zulu Terms rejected, war began

Course of the War Zulu had initial success Defeated the British at the Battle of Isandlwana Second invasion by the British defeated the Zulu

Result Zulu territory put into British South Africa

Discussion What was the overall impact and results of imperialism?