Development of Continental Drift

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Presentation transcript:

Development of Continental Drift Frank Taylor (1910) Alfred Wegener (1912) Die Entstehung Der Kontinente Und Ozeane

Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Evidence of Plate Tectonics Earth’s Structure Plate Boundaries Hot Spots

The Permian Ice Age Problem

Confirmation of Continental Drift World War II technology International Geophysical Year (IGY) 1957-58 Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network 1963-

Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading

Sea-Floor Spreading

Where Does Ocean Crust Go? Hugo Benioff, 1954

Benioff’s Interpretation Updated

Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network

3 types of plate boundaries

The Plate Tectonics Model

The Plate Tectonics Model

The Earth’s Plates

What Drives It: Convection

How Plates Move

Reconstructing Plate Movements

Fit of Continents Across the Atlantic

Atlantic 65 m.y. ago

Present Day Atlantic

Geology of Plate Margins

Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform Can create volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains Examples: Mid-Atlantic ridge, East Pacific Rise Convergent Can create volcanoes (continental and island arc), earthquakes, and mountains Examples: Juan De Fuca Plate and North America Plate Transform Can create strong shallow earthquakes and folded mountains Examples: San Andreas Fault

Anatomy of a Mid-Ocean Ridge

A Subduction Zone

Why Mountains are High

Where the Plates Meet

Terrane Accretion

Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes

Hot Spots

Hot Spots: Hawaii

Pacific Hot Spot Tracks