Do Now Why do you think the North won the war?

Guided Practice Using pages 314-319, identify the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South. Organize this into a T-Chart. Your T-Chart should include information about the following for EACH side: Financial situation Weapon/factory production Population size Military skill Transportation/railroad access North South Strengths Weaknesses If one is a strength of one side, it is a weakness of the other side. BE SURE EXPLAIN WHY EACH ONE OF THESE CATEGORIES IS A STRENGTH OR WEAKNESS FOR THE NORTH OR SOUTH IN 1-2 SENTENCES.

Union Strengths 2x the population of South 90% of weapon production 80% of the nation’s factories Access to money through bond issues and taxes

Southern Weaknesses ½ the population, and 1/3 was enslaved Only one rail line Money problems: No bonds with CSA money No taxes Currency inflation

Southern Strength Military brilliance: had many of the best minds of U.S. army Able to stay in the war because of innovative military tactics Had more political unity

Northern Weaknesses Fewer great military leaders War unpopularity – lots of political conflict between parties over war or peace Lincoln wins re-election of 1864 vs. McClellan 55-45, but didn’t think he would because of Confederate success

New Technology Major impact on the Civil War First time rifles and trenches were used in a war Gatling Gun – first rapid fire machine gun Ironclads – ships reinforced with steel on the side First ironclad battle

III. Reconstruction Objective 3.04: Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end.

A. Presidential Plan Lincoln: wanted more lenient terms for Confederate states to re-join the Union faster. April 14, 1865: Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth (Southerner). Vice-President Andrew Johnson becomes President, supports the same, more moderate plan.

B. Congressional Plan Lead by the Radical Republicans – Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner. Harsh terms for the South: Bring more power to the Republican Party Keep Confederate leaders from holding office Radical Republicans win majority in Congress in 1866, push their plan for Reconstruction through.

C. Military Reconstruction Act (1867) Radical Republican Reconstruction plan wins. Key points: Re-admitted Confederate states into the U.S. Divided states into 5 military districts, each headed by a Union general. Demanded new state constitutions and ratification of the 14th Amendment.

D. Johnson Gets Impeached Radical Republicans didn't trust Johnson to carry out their Reconstruction plan. Johnson disobeys, gets impeached by Congress. Impeached: The House of Representatives votes on whether to have a trial to see if the President has abused his power or done something illegal. The President is removed from office if he/she is found guilty by vote in the Senate. Not voted out of office, but first time a U.S. President had been impeached.

E. Republican Rule in the South Many northerners came to the South to get involved in the new Republican government, not liked by Southerners. Nickname: Carpetbaggers The Freedmen's Bureau Set up by Congress to give resources and protection to African-Americans. Why is this needed? Most Africans-Americans were slaves and didn’t have anything after they were freed. The Bureau could help them get an education and their basic needs like food and shelter. Didn’t have support and collapsed.

F. Problems for African-Americans Many African-Americans were forced to do sharecropping. You farm someone's land in return for housing and a portion of the crop. Why is this a problem? Conditions still became very similar to slavery. Most landowners took most of the crops and gave the former slaves poor housing. Black codes: Southern laws created to restrict the rights of African-Americans, keep conditions of slavery around. Examples: Couldn't own weapons, couldn't meet together after sunset. Ku Klux Klan: Southern group who used violence against people supporting equal rights.

Independent Practice One of the major goals of Reconstruction was to help African- Americans get used to a new life of liberty. Pretend you are an African American in 1870 and are living through Reconstruction. Write an opinion piece for your local newspaper saying whether you think Reconstruction by the federal government has helped you feel like you have freedom and liberties. Your opinion piece should be 6-10 sentences. Use information from your notes to support your assertion/claim.

Exit Ticket 1) Name a strength of the Union army and explain how it helped them win the war. 2) Why did the Radical Republicans oppose Lincoln's or Johnson's Reconstruction plan? 3) How did the Southerners continue to try to take away the rights of African-Americans after the they had been freed from slavery?