Algerian War Mr. Samuelson

Origins Algeria had been a colony of France since 1830. Shortly after World War II, violent demonstrations began in Setif, killing 100 European settlers. Nationalists wanted to gain independence. France tries to make reforms, but are resisted by Algerians. Algerians nationalists start uniting into revolutionary groups. Famous one (FLN- Algerian National Front).

Nationalist Nationalist parties had existed for many years. Formed political parties and revolutionary groups, but these were found out and banned by the French. Became increasingly more radical.

War Outbreaks FLN issues a leaflets declaring their aim to create a sovereign nation of Algeria. Wanted social democracy in an Islamic framework. War began on October 31, 1954 Two main tactics used by FLN: Guerilla Warfare Diplomatic France sends 500,000 troops to Algeria

Focus on Algeria In 1956, France granted full independence to Morocco and Tunisia to concentrate on retaining “French Algeria.” Morocco tried to meet with Algerian leaders to resolve the conflict, but France intercepted the meeting place and arrested the Algerians. Hardened Algerian leaders and convinced them to keep fighting.

Battle of the Algiers FLN attacks were countered by paratroopers. Captured Algiers were tortured and executed for information.

De Gaulle May 1958, in a settler uprising, thousands attacked the offices of the governor-general and demanded for more integration with France and restored power to De Gaulle. De Gaulle, as Prime Minister, returned in October and granted full French citizenship to all Muslims and announced a plan to provide adequate schools and medical services to Algeria as well as jobs. Declared Algerians had right to choose.

Settler Uprisings Settlers responded by staging a fresh uprising in January 1960, but it collapsed after nine days from lack of French military support. A year later, another was staged by 4 generals, however, it also collapsed after 3 days because of a lack of military support.

Independence March 1962, deal was reached. Algeria would become independent, provided only that a referendum, to be held in Algeria by a provisional government, confirmed the desire for it. If approved, French aid would continue, and Europeans could depart, remain as foreigners, or take Algerian citizenship. Sparked violent terrorism which faded shortly. July 1962 recorded some 6,000,000 votes in favor of independence and only 16,000 against. 

Effects French military losses at 27,000 killed and civilian losses at 5,000 to 6,000. 300,000 and 500,000 Algerian casualties(according to French) 1,500,000 (according to Algerians). Villages and forests destroyed and/or damaged 2,000,000 inhabitants relocated Europeans who left made up a large amount administrative and managerial experts. Politics was contentious following.