Describe this political cartoon and what it is saying. Reconstruction Era Bell Work Describe this political cartoon and what it is saying.

Reconstruction Amendments Reconstruction= bringing the South (Confederacy) back into the Union (U.S) after the Civil War 13th Amendment- abolished slavery in 1865 14th Amendment- guaranteed full citizenship status and rights to every person born in the United States, including African Americans 15th Amendment- no male citizen could be denied the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

Ku Klux Klan Used terror and violence against African Americans and their white supporters to suppress their new rights their members included planters, merchants, and poor white farmers small number of actual members, but their goals were supported by many main target was African Americans(local leaders & wealthy AA) KKK made threats, burned houses, beat: teachers, women, men and much worse

Black Codes Laws designed to keep freedmen in a slave like condition and to give planters a supply of cheap labor Used in former Confederate states Meant to limit African Americans’ rights prevent them from owning land restrict their employment opportunities

Jim Crow Laws Created to keep blacks and whites separated and to restrict African Americans from voting Poll tax- required voters to pay a tax to vote ($1-$2), which few African Americans could afford Literacy tests- required voters to pass a reading test before registering to vote, again African Americans had been denied education while slaves so few could pass the tests Grandfather clause- allowed a person to vote as long as their ancestors voted before 1866, of course the ancestors of black freedmen did not vote before 1866 but whites did.

Closing Bell Which of the things we discussed today do you think was the most harmful to African Americans becoming true citizens?