Macdonald World History Scramble for Africa Macdonald World History

Imperialism Industrialization caused European nations to compete for raw materials & new ppl to sell goods to Looked to other nations, esp. Africa, to do this Led to imperialism – take-over of a weaker country by a stronger (also referred to as colonialism)

Congo Livingstone – missionary from Scotland who got lost in Africa Reporter Stanley sent to find him – caused huge media sensation Later Stanley returned to Africa & helped king Leopold II of Belgium acquire land 1st place of colonization in Africa

Competition Leopold forced Africans to collect sap from rubber plants; brutally exploited them & millions die Belgium’s seizure of land concerned other countries that also wanted land in Africa Many countries started seizing land in Africa

Reasons for Imperialism Nationalism – large empire meant great nations Social Darwinism – form of racism – be/ Europe had more $ & goods, thought they were better Missionaries – wanted to convert ppl to Christianity Competition – for national resources for industrialization

Reasons So Successful Africans couldn’t communication w/ each other to unite Technology Maxim Gun – 1st automatic machine gun Steam Engine – could get around to control ppl RR, steamships – could communicate Quinine – drug invented to stop malaria

Division of Africa Discovery of gold & diamonds increased interest in colonization – develop cash crop economies Berlin Conference – 14 nations agreed on rules for division Countries must claim land & prove ability to control it By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia free of European control

Africa, 1914