Transforming the Roman World Chapter 9 Section 1 Transforming the Roman World

476 Roman Empire Falls Europe is divided into individual Kingdoms. This is the start of the Middle Ages.

Middle Ages 500 to 1000 = Dark Ages 1100 to 1200 = High Middle ages Lack of learning, cultural suppression, written history, war, feudalism 1100 to 1200 = High Middle ages Growth in the church, Crusades, architecture, rise of cities, universities, vernacular 1300- 1500 = Late Middle Ages war, plague, decline of the church, rise of strong monarchies, decline in feudalism, cultural awakening

Roman Empire at its height A.D. 116

The New Germanic Kingdoms Germanic tribes dominated Europe during the Early Middle Ages- pg. 303 The Franks, led by Clovis, established a long lasting kingdom in northern Europe. Clovis’s conversion to Christianity began a friendship between the Roman Catholic Church and Germanic Franks.

Interesting Germans Familial Bonds Wergild- payment for wrong doings Ordeal- physical trial

Ordeal by Combat Possibly the most common ordeal was by combat Ordeal by Combat Possibly the most common ordeal was by combat. The accused was forced to fight a very strong opponent both with full armor. The idea was that if the accused was innocent, God would grant him miraculous strength and he could easily defeat his opponent. It was common for the fight to last two hours or more since the weapons used could not penetrate the given armor. Therefore, bones were broken and he who had a better physical strength frequently prevailed. Ordeal by Fire The accused was forced to hold a red-hot metallic piece for a few seconds. The wound was covered and in three days, if the wound healed, the accused was helped by God and therefore he was innocent. On the other hand, if the wound began to fester, God did not help him and he was guilty. Ordeal by Bread Usually reserved for the nobility, the ordeal by bread consisted of forcing the accused to eat a full slice of bread without chewing. If the accused choked, he was guilty. If he didn't, God helped him and therefore he was innocent. Ordeal by Cold Water In the ordeal by cold water, a barrel was filled with cold water. If the accused sank, he was innocent. The idea was that water being such a pure substance repelled the guilty and sank the innocent.

The Role of the Catholic Church Leader => Pope, successors of Peter in Rome Gregory I.- strengthened the role of Pope politically and spiritually Monks- separates himself, monasticism Saint Benedict- Benedictine rule, strictly structured day of work and prayer pg. 305 Missionaries- Catholics believed in spreading their ideas. Nuns- lived in convents headed by abbesses- played a major role in religious education Why was monasticism so important at this time?

The Role of the Church

The Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom and built an empire. 800 he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope His coronation officially brought Roman, Germanic, and Christian factions together. His reign was a period of intellectual advancement, a revival in learning from 768 – 814. What effect do you think his death will have on life in Europe?