The Road to War Part 2

Causes of World War 1 Nationalism Pride in one’s country Citizens were prepared to do anything for their nation – even go to war

Nationalism Traditionally people believed that they owed loyalty to a king or ruler that provided them with protection and security. In the 1700’s people began to talk about nations as groups of people that were more important than just their king. Nationalism is the belief in the greatness of one’s own nation- closely connected with language

Nationalism Some people believe that nationalism is founded in the sense of pride in a country and that all people living in that country should share that sense of pride. This is called civic nationalism. In others cases nationalism can be based on ethnicity. In this instance only people who share a common background, language and culture are entitled to truly belong. Nationalism, whether civic or ethnic, is based on drawing boundaries and can lead to competition. In addition, when ethnic nationalism is strong internal conflict can arise between those who are perceived to belong and those who don’t.

Can you think of how this fits with Canadian History?

Around 1900 civic nationalism was a powerful force within the Great Powers including Britain, Germany and France. Ethnic nationalism was also a factor among European nations, particularly in the Balkan Peninsula. Tension between ethnic groups in the Balkan Peninsula would eventually spark WW I. This could not have happened without the tense environment created by competition between the Great Powers.

Causes of World War 1 Imperialism (Clash of Empires) The Act of empire building Britain, France, Spain and Portugal have many colonies = big Empires Germany wants an empire too

Imperialism Colonies are useful for several reasons including: A source of raw materials and a market for industrial products; Locations for military bases. This remains important today. The ability to project power differentiates regional powers from truly global powers. Colonies can help to relieve population pressure in the mother country. They provide personnel for military campaigns.

African Imperialism In 1901 Kaiser Wilhelm told the German people that by entering the race for colonies, “we have conquered for ourselves a place in the sun”. Germany was a late entrant in the race, having only unified as a nation around 1870. Most of the ‘good’ colonies were already taken. Germany did manage to stake claim to land in Africa and Polynesia. This race brought the militaries of Germany and Britain into direct contact.