CHARLES DARWIN proposed natural selection to explain evolution

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Darwin and His Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

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Presentation transcript:

CHARLES DARWIN proposed natural selection to explain evolution published On the Origin of Species in 1859 13.1

VARIATION within a population

A varied population is a POLYMORPHIC population Not here Yes! Why are the jaguars varied, but not the bacteria?

BELL CURVE shows the frequency of a variation in a population

• Genetic variation reflects mutations in the DNA Variation is visible & measureable Observe & measure phenotypic variation

Observe and measure variation at the gene level Heterozygotes express some sickling, but have malaria resistance

Observe & measure variation at the nucleotide level via genome sequencing

OVER-REPRODUCTION creates competition toad tadpoles spiders fish roe

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE creates competition

VARIATIONS may have differential success

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS for the ‘most fit’ causes microevolution

Antibiotic Resistance Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA) is bacterium that can infect open wounds, blisters and skin lesions. Resistant to most of the drugs traditionally used to fight the bacteria, Antibiotic Resistance

FITNESS? Fit = most offspring Not literally ‘fit’

Quantify microevolution via changes in frequency (allelic, phenotypic, etc) P F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 1.0 0.33/0.33/0.33 0.5/0.5 0.5/0.25/0.25 0.4/0.6

Microevolution can lead to macroevolution in time Speciation results One ancestor, many descendants Adaptive radiation The adaptive radiation of the Galpagos finches

AntibioticResistance Protein Geology PesticideResistance Geomorphology ComparativeBiochemistry DNA ComparativeEmbryology ComparativeAnatomy FossilRecord Chapters 21/22 Protein Geography AntibioticResistance Geology Protein EVIDENCE Geomorphology ComparativeBiochemistry DNA ComparativeEmbryology ComparativeAnatomy SelectiveBreeding Geography FossilRecord AntibioticResistance Protein Geology