Advanced Old Age and Geriatrics Chapter 14 Advanced Old Age and Geriatrics Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Key Terms activities of daily living (ADLs) ageism Alzheimer's disease apoptosis atrophy biological clock disengagement elder abuse free radical geriatrics immune theory osteoporosis senescence wear-and-tear theory Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Definition Senescence Young-old: 65 to 75 Old: 76 to 84 Old-old: 85 to 99 Elite-old: 100 and older Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Geriatrics Biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging Goal is to maximize the ability to function and to live independently and to shorten the period of illness and disability See Box 14-1. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Theories Of The Aging Process Cellular Changes Free Radicals Biological Clock (Programmed Cell Death) Wear-and-Tear Theory Immune Theory Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Physiological Changes Bones and cartilage Blood vessels Lungs Kidneys and bladder Metabolism Digestion Teeth Skin Eyes Ears Nervous system Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Sexuality Specific changes in sexual responses occur Continue to have sexual feelings Cosmetic surgery Aging without protest See Box 14-2. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Sexual Responses in the Aging Woman Menopause does not decrease sexual response May experience dryness in the vaginal mucosa, hot flashes, and other assorted hormone-related body changes Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Sexual Responses in the Aging Man Testosterone production decreases between the ages of 40 and 60 Decrease in the size and firmness of the penis and reduced production, motility, and lifespan of sperm Male climacteric Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

The Impact of Illness on Sexuality Cancer of the prostate Heart attack Hospitalization Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Psychological Changes Negative self-image may affect his or her ability to function The aging process is a gradual one that provides time for coping and adaptation to physical changes Role adjustments require adaptation and acceptance Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Developmental Tasks Immortality versus extinction Adjusting to retirement Adjusting to and accepting the frailties of aging and the accompanying changes in physical appearance and lifestyles Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Physical Exercise “Use it or lose it” Regular exercise promotes mental and physical health Walking, jogging, or swimming are appropriate Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Healthy People 2020 Goals Occupational Activities Nutrition Prevention Of Illness Mental Health Environmental Controls Elder Abuse Polypharmacy And Medication Errors Placement Alternatives See Box 14-3 and 14-4. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Role Of The Health-Care Worker Minor changes in the environment can enhance their ability to function Important to observe family interaction See Box 14-5. Copyright © 2013, 2004 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.