Cell Energy

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) A molecule of energy which is created by the mitochondria when the cell undergoes cellular respiration

Questions What does a molecule of ATP release? How does a molecule of ADP gain energy?

Photosynthesis The process by which plant cells use light energy to make sugar energy in plants 1. Plant leaves capture energy from sunlight. 2. Leaves take carbon dioxide from the air. 3. Leaves use water and the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide into sugar 4. Leaves release oxygen into the air.

Chlorophyll Chlorophyll in the chloroplast traps light energy needed for photosynthesis

Question Why are plants and other autotrophs necessary for the life of most organisms on earth?

Cellular Respiration Takes place in all living cells The process by which mitochondria breaks down food molecules to produce ATP Uses stored energy in sugars to make ATP for cells May take place WITH or WITHOUT oxygen Oxygen (O2) + Carbohydrate (CH2O)  Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP

Formula for cellular respiration Oxygen + Sugar -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP O2 + C6H12O6 yields CO2 + H2O+ (ATP)

Questions What kinds of living things need to undergo the process of cellular respiration? How does an animal get sugar (glucose)?

Anaerobic vs Aerobic Anaerobic: no oxygen is required Produces a small amount of energy Examples: Alcohol Lactic acid fermentation Aerobic: requires oxygen Produces much, much more energy Examples: Cellular respiration

Questions Which process, aerobic or anaerobic respiration, can obtain the greatest amount of energy (ATP) from a glucose molecule? Why might you experience muscle fatigue after exercising?