Lesson 1: Why did the people build castles? Knowledge: To know how castles were invented Understanding: To examine the purpose of castles Skill: To develop writing PEEL paragraphs Last Lesson What was the impact of the Black Death? The Black Death had a terrible impact because... Last Week What were the symptoms of the Black Death? Name three. Last Term Name the three claimants to the English throne in 1066

When William the Conqueror took over England he gave large areas of land to his barons. They soon realised they needed protection from attacks by unhappy Englishmen. So they decided to build castles. By 1086 there were over 100 new castles in England. The new buildings were called motte and bailey castles. They had to be built quickly wherever the Normans wanted them. If there were houses or a village in the way, they were simply knocked down. For example in Lincoln the Normans pulled down 150 houses to build a new castle. EASY Why did the barons start building castles? They needed….from... MEDIUM How were the new castles built? The castles were built...For example by ...there were…. CHALLENGING If the Normans were willing to knock down houses and villages, what does that tell us about them? (3 sentences)

Location, location, location. Task: Find the locations of the castles, cathedrals and major cities and label them on the map. Castles Cathedrals Cities CHALLENGE! Which part of the Britain were there no castles? Can you guess why?

Major Norman Castles: Durham York Lincoln Chester Shrewsbury Norwich Warwick Hereford Gloucester Oxford Ely London Dover Canterbury Major Norman Cities: Durham Chester York Lincoln Shrewsbury Coventry Norwich Worcester Oxford London Winchester Canterbury Norman Cathedrals: Durham York Minster Lincoln Chester Norwich Worcester Hereford Gloucester St Paul’s, London Canterbury Winchester

Major Norman Cities: Durham Chester York Lincoln Shrewsbury Coventry Norwich Worcester Oxford London Winchester Canterbury cv

Major Norman Castles: Durham York Lincoln Chester Shrewsbury Norwich Warwick Hereford Gloucester Oxford Ely London Dover Canterbury cv

Norman Cathedrals: Durham York Minster Lincoln Chester Norwich Worcester Hereford Gloucester St Paul’s, London Canterbury Winchester cv

Task: Why did William build castles where there were rebellions? Map showing the major rebellions during William’s reign. The arrows show the movements of the royal army to stop them. Churches Castles Where did the King place his new castles? Task: Why did William build castles where there were rebellions? To have greater control To be able to have troops ready To be able to scare the locals Pick one option and explain it. cv CHALLENGE Why did William built castles and churches in the same places?

Why were castles built? Although … was now … of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated … So he brought over his … and powerful friends from … in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of … and asked them to … on his behalf. These … as they were called, built large fortresses known as … and .... castles to live while they ruled their land. Barons, motte, Normandy, King, William, rich, English, land, bailey, control CHALLENGE Improve the paragraph by including these key words: formidable, stronghold, security, strategic location

Why were castles built? Although William was now King of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated English. So he brought over his rich and powerful friends from Normandy in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of land and asked them to rule on his behalf. These barons as they were called, built large fortresses known as motte and bailey castles to live while they ruled their land. Barons, motte, Normandy, King, William, rich, English, land, bailey, control CHALLENGE Improve the paragraph by including these key words: formidable, stronghold, security, strategic location