Writing Guide Flip Book

Weak Verbs Any verb ending in -ing Seems Said Look Am Feels Are Sounds Smells Am Are Be Had Has Have Is Was Were

Transitions To Show Examples: For example To show examples Specifically As an example For instance To Introduce a Reason: To begin with Initially In addition Most importantly To Explain/Clarify a Reason: To clarify In other words By this I mean Furthermore

Transitions Cont. General: To Conclude However As a result Similarly Equally Important Certainly Therefore To Summarize

Text-Based Evidence Terms The boy was melancholy BECAUSE his dog ran away. Sally loved the ocean. FOR INSTANCE, she moved to a house overlooking the ocean. Henry loves whales. FOR EXAMPLE, he often spends hours reading about them.

Continued ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, an anemometer measures the speed of the wind. The force of the wind is very strong. I know this because THE AUTHOR STATED that the wind could shatter a window.

CONTINUED FROM THE READING I KNOW THAT Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. IT STATED ON PAGE ______ that hurricanes are very destructive and may have their names retired.

Support and Elaboration Explanation To exemplify By this I mean Literal description This means that Nouns, adjectives, verbs In other words To clarify Figurative description Example Simile, metaphor, idiom, hyperbole For example For instance An example of

Precise Language

Personal experience As a result I, me, we, us because Another’s experience He, she, they, them Compare and Contrast Compared to But Cause and Effect

Effective Beginnings Prompt: Everyone should know how to read. Rhetorical Question: How many times today have you used your ability to read? Present a Startling Fact: A growing number of adults in the United States do not know how to read. Quote a Respected Source: According to President Obama, every child must learn how to read.

Beginnings Cont. Use a Literary Device: Reading is the pathway to worlds beyond our own. Make a General Statement: It is nearly impossible to go through life without using your reading skills. Pose a Challenging Question: Would you be willing to devote some of your time to teaching an adult to read?

Let’s Practice! Effective Beginnings Prompt: Everyone has someone to look up to or a hero. Rhetorical Question- Present a Startling Fact- Quote a Respected Source- Use a Literary Device Make a General Statement Pose a Challenging Question

Closing Paragraphs Echo the Introduction: This brings the reader full-circle. Ex; If you begin with a scenario, you can end with the same scenario.

Closings Cont. Challenge the Reader: Issue a challenge to your reader in an effort to help them redirect the information and apply it to their own lives. Ex; Think about how you will respond when you get your next jury summons. What kind of citizen will you choose to be?

Closings Cont. Looking to the Future: Emphasize the importance of your piece and help the reader apply new information in a global context. Ex; Littering is a significant problem for all of us. One day, our parks will be overrun with trash and our children will have nowhere to play.

Closings cont. Posing Questions: help your reader gain a new perspective on the topic, brings main ideas together to create a new meaning. Ex; If fewer adults know how to read, how will this impact the workplace in coming years? What will be the effect on our children, as these adults are their role models? Can you imagine the state of our nation 20 years from now if this doesn’t change?