Scientific Method Experimental Design

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Ch. 1 - The Nature of Science  Defining Science  Problem-Solving  Scientific Method  Experimental Design.

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Presentation transcript:

Scientific Method Experimental Design 3.The Nature of Science Scientific Method Experimental Design

B. Problem-Solving 1. Identify the problem. What do you know? What do you need to know? 2. Plan a strategy. Look for patterns. Break the problem into smaller steps. Develop a model.

Identify - Plan - Execute - Evaluate B. Problem-Solving 3. Execute your plan. 4. Evaluate your results. Did you solve the problem? Is your answer reasonable? Identify - Plan - Execute - Evaluate

C. Scientific Method Hypothesis - testable prediction Theory - explanation of “why” based on many observations & experimental results Scientific Law - prediction of “what” describes a pattern in nature

THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! C. Scientific Method Theories and laws are well-accepted by scientists, but... THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! They are revised when new information is discovered.

C. Scientific Method 1. Determine the problem. 2. Make a hypothesis. 3. Test your hypothesis. 4. Analyze the results. 5. Draw conclusions.

C. Scientific Method 1. Determine the problem. When the Titanic sank, what happened to the water level on shore? 2. Make a hypothesis. The water level rose. The water level dropped. The water level stayed the same.

C. Scientific Method 3. Test your hypothesis. 4. Analyze the results. How could we test our hypothesis? 4. Analyze the results. What happened during our test? 5. Draw conclusions. Was our hypothesis correct? Is further testing necessary?

D. Experimental Design Experiment - organized procedure for testing a hypothesis Key Components: Control - standard for comparison Single variable - keep other factors constant Repeated trials - for reliability

D. Experimental Design Types of Variables Independent Variable adjusted by the experimenter what you vary Dependent Variable changes in response to the indep. variable what you measure

D. Experimental Design Hypothesis: Storing popcorn in the freezer makes it pop better. Control: Popcorn stored at room temp.

D. Experimental Design Single variable: Storage temperature Constants: Popcorn brand Freshness Storage time Popper

D. Experimental Design Independent Variable: Storage temperature Number of unpopped kernels