Erosion Sediment Deposition Gravity Mass Movement The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock or soil Sediment Small solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms Deposition Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations Gravity A force that moves rocks and other materials downhill Mass Movement One of any of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill

Runoff Rill Gully Stream Tributary Water that flows over the ground surface rather than sinking into the ground Rill A tiny groove in soil made by running water Gully A large channel in soil made by erosion Stream A channel through which water is continuously flowing downhill Tributary A stream or smaller river that feeds into a main river

Flood Plain Meander Oxbow Lake Alluvial Fan Delta Wide valley through which a river flows Meander A loop like bend in the course of a river Oxbow Lake A meander cut off from the river Alluvial Fan A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range Delta A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake

Groundwater Stalactite Stalagmite Karst Topography Energy Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers Stalactite A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave Stalagmite A cone shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave Karst Topography A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns or sinkholes Energy The ability to do work or cause change

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Abrasion Load Friction Energy that is stored and available to use later Kinetic Energy The energy an object has due to its motion Abrasion The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by ice, water or wind Load The amount of sediment that a riveror stream carries Friction The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface

Turbulence Glacier Continental Glacier Ice Age Valley Glacier A type of movement of water in which rather than moving downstream the water moves every which way Glacier A large mass of moving ice or snow on land Continental Glacier A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island Ice Age Time in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of the Earth’s surface Valley Glacier A long narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley

Plucking Till Moraine Kettle Headland The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over land Till The sediments deposited directly by a glacier Moraine A ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier Kettle A small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in a glacial till Headland A part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean

Beach Longshore Drift Spit Sand Dune Deflation Wave washed sediment along a coast Longshore Drift The movement of water and sediment down a beach cause by waves coming in to shore at an angle Spit A beach formed by a longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the ocean Sand Dune A deposit of wind blown sand Deflation Wind erosion that removes surface materials

A wind formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt Loess A wind formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt