Introduction to pragmatics

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com The study of speaker’s utterance It interprets what the speaker means. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com Sentence vs. utterance What’s the difference? Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com Sentence vs. utterance Sentence : the largest grammatical unit, consisting of phrases and/or clauses, used to express a statement, question, command, etc. Utterance : a sentence which is spoken in a particular context by a certain speaker and is directed to a hearer. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

The elements of communication According to Cook (1990), a context of language use consists of several factors: The addresser: the person who originates the message. The addressee: the person to whom the message is addressed. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id The channel: the medium through which the message travels: sound waves, marks on paper, telephone wires, word processor screens. The message form: the grammatical and lexical choices of the message. The topic: the information carried in the topic. The code: the language or dialect The setting: the social or physical context. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com A: I have a fourteen year old son B: Well that's all right. A: I also have a dog B: Oh I'm sorry. . Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com A: I have a fourteen year old son B: Well that's all right. A: I also have a dog B: Oh I'm sorry. . A is trying to rent an apartment from B (the owner of the apartment, the janitor=ibu kost). When we read or hear pieces of language, we normally try to understand not only what the words mean, but what the writer or speaker of those words intended to convey. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

The Interpretation of Linguistic Messages based on: knowledge of the meaning of the word knowledge about the context e.g. FALL BABY SALE Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id Context linguistic context or co-text: set of other words used in the same phrase or context physical context: if the location will influence interpretation Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com Example in Bahasa A: Saya Es Jeruk. B: Iya, sebentar ya. A: Saya Dibakar dan dibungkus B: Iya, Boss, Silakan duduk. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.com

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id Deictic Expressions Can not be interpreted unless the physical context is known. Examples: here, there, this, that, then, yesterday, as well as most pronouns, such as I,you, him, her them Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id Presupposition What a speaker assumes is true or known by the hearer E.g. : ‘Your brother is waiting for you.‘  obvious presupposition that you have a brother. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id Speech Acts Austin (1962), How to do things with words. Actions such as requesting, informing, commanding, questioning We use linguistic forms with the functions (speech acts) Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id locutionary meaning speaker‘s utterance Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id illocutionary force speaker‘s intention Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

perlocutionary impact hearer‘s reaction E.g. A:Do you smoke? B: Yes, thanks. A: I wasn’t offering, just asking. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id instances Locution: “I have much money at now” Illocution: an act of offering the hearer to ask for money, borrow some money, or have a dinner treat, depending on context. Perlocution: the hearer asks for some money, or asks for a dinner treat. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id instances Locution: “You have eye inflammation” (radang mata). Illocution: an act of ordering the hearer to go to an opthalmologist to have eye examination or to treat the eye, depending on context. Perlocution: the hearer goes to an opthalmologist or treats the eye. Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

Grice (1975): The co-operative principle 4 Maxims: quantity quality relation manner Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

The co-operative principle QUANTITY: make your contribution as informative as required, but not more or less than required Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

The co-operative principle QUALITY: do not say which you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

The co-operative principle RELATION: be relevant Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id

The co-operative principle MANNER: be clear, brief and orderly Introduction to Pragmatics- www.pakfaizal.web.id