Participle Clauses Verb -ing

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Presentation transcript:

Participle Clauses Verb -ing REDUCED CLAUSES

Types of Participles Present Participle: watching/doing…. Perfect Participle: Having watched/having done…. Past Participle: watched/ done….

When do we use the Present Participle.. 1 After certain time conjunctions (prepositions): after/before/when/while/despite/on When I met him, I didn’t like him. On meeting him, I didn’t like him. (the same time) I spoke to him and then I felt better.  I felt better after speaking to him. (different times)

When do we use the Present Participle.. TO REDUCE CLAUSES…. 2 A participle must have the same subject as the verb in the main clause. Because he was injured, he couldn’t continue the match.  Being injured, he couldn’t continue the match.

To replace clauses of… CONTRAST & CONCESSION – use while, in spite of, despite (prepositions) Although I understand your problem, I can’t allow you to break the rules.  While/In spite of/ Despite understanding your problem, I can’t allow you to break the rules.

To replace clauses of… RESULT – the action that comes first is written first. (so+ clause) She was scared of the dark so she switched on all the lights. Being scared of the dark, she switched on all the lights.

To replace clauses of… REASON – as/because/since We left early because we wanted to catch the last train.  Wanting to catch the last train, we left early.

to replace AND + coordinate clause I stood in the garden and watched the children. I stood in the garden, watching the children. (the same time) I switched off the light and tried to get some sleep. (different times) Switching off the light, I tried to get some sleep.

Perfect participle (having + past participle) – when we want to emphasise that one action happened before another She had lost her ticket, she couldn’t get into the concert. Having lost her ticket, she couldn’t get into the concert. I’d made a decision and I was anxious to act on it.  Having made a decision, I was anxious to act on it.