RNA and Transcription CENTRAL DOGMA

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Presentation transcript:

RNA and Transcription CENTRAL DOGMA DNA –------ RNA ---------- proteins (transcription) (translation)

Function of RNA Transfers genetic code from the nucleus (DNA) to the cytoplasm (proteins). Component (part) of ribosomes. * ribosomes = rRNA and proteins (location of protein synthesis) Assists with the assembly of proteins.

RNA structure

There are three major differences between DNA and RNA: RNA is a single strand of nucleotides...unlike DNA that has? RNA has uracil...unlike DNA that has? G = C AND A = U 3. RNA has ribose...unlike DNA that has?

Three Types of RNA messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Each kind of RNA has a different structure that relates to their specific function. Holt Biology Interactive Tutor 6-4 (disc 3)

mRNA Messenger RNA is a single strand that carries the messages (genetic code) from DNA to the cytoplasm so they can be used in translation (to make proteins).

tRNA Transfer RNA is cloverleaf shaped and single stranded that matches the amino acid to the correct sequence of mRNA. It’s job is to transfer (carry) amino acids to the ribosomes where assembly occurs.

rRNA rRNA + proteins = ribosome Ribosomal RNA binds with proteins to make ribosomes which ultimately make the proteins.

How do we get RNA from DNA? Transcription… Holt Biology Interactive Tutor 6-5 …which allows DNA to stay in the nucleus, protected, and make usable copies for the cell to manipulate.

Transcription STEP 1: RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA at a promotor (DNA sequence that signals the start of the gene). STEP 2: RNA polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides of the two DNA strands...

Transcription (continued) Step 3: RNA polymerase builds an RNA molecule until it recognizes a termination signal. Step 4: RNA polymerase releases the newly formed mRNA from the DNA (...the DNA then recoils). Step 5: mRNA moves through a nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. Where will it go now..?!!?

You try it... DNA: A C T A G T C C A G C T A G C RNA sequence? DNA: A C T G C C A T A A G C G T A