The First Occupants (circa 1500)

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Presentation transcript:

The First Occupants (circa 1500) Chapter 1 The First Occupants (circa 1500)

Let’s start with a video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27YTTx4mU28

Today in Quebec First arrived in North America about 30 000 years ago. Spread out over the territory & gradually became distinct cultures (ex. Algonquins, Crees, Mohawks, Innu, Inuit) Major issue today for them: to reconcile their ancestral cultures with today’s world. Today in Quebec

Look at p. 4 of your textbook (Panoramas A). What do you notice about the location of the different Aboriginal nations in Quebec? Why do you think this is?

Indian Act The federal Indian Act (1876) Federal government assigns territories, called reserves, for the Aboriginal people to live on The reserves are therefore owned by the Canadian government, but managed by the band councils (political institutions of the different nations) ¾ of Aboriginal people in Quebec live on reserves This act restricts the Aboriginal people economically and politically (not free to do what they want) As a ‘compromise’, this act also grants Aboriginal people a special status. Ex. Those that live on reserves are exempt from paying taxes Indian Act

Native Political Institutions Each nation has their own political system and institution. For example, the Crees have the: Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) Native Political Institutions

The Grand Council has twenty members: The Grand Council of the Crees is the political body that represents the approximately 18,000 Crees or “Eeyouch” (in 2012). The Grand Council has twenty members: a Grand Chief and Deputy-Grand Chief elected at large by the Eeyouch the chiefs elected by each of the nine Cree communities one other representative from each community

Some Demographic Facts High birth rate Population with a majority of young people Some Demographic Facts

Their life expectancy is 6 years less than the national average Their suicide rate (youth) is 3-4 times higher that the national average More than 60% do NOT complete high school (compared to 31% in the rest of Canada) They have 3 times higher unemployment rate than the rest of Canada Approx. 40% of their families live in poverty It’s a hard life…

ensure the respect for Native rights and treaty rights To help solve some of these problems, the Aboriginal nations are trying to: ensure the respect for Native rights and treaty rights have political autonomy encourage the youth to value their heritage, history and culture. Ex. NAIG (North American Indigenous Games) They are working with federal and provincial governments.

Question for you: What do you think their life was like before the Europeans arrived to North America?