Nationalism The belief that people should be loyal to their nation, that is, loyal to the people with whom they share a culture and history (rather than being loyal to a king or empire)

Causes of Nationalism Nationalism arose from groups of people who felt they should be free of absolute empires and have the freedom to govern themselves. Nationalists believed that people with a single “nationality” or ancestry should unite under a single government. Ethnicity Language Culture

Germany Around 1800, German- speaking central Europe included more than 300 political entities Similar language Similar culture

Germany under Napoleon

The Congress of Vienna Concentrated German power into both Prussia and Austria Established the German Confederation

“Bismarck Unites Germany” page 695 – 697. Read the section and record “Bismarck Unites Germany” page 695 – 697 Read the section and record main ideas in your reading organizer Otto von Bismarck

Industrialization adds to German Nationalism The construction of highways, railways, and canals united Germany further and increased feelings of German nationalism. The German confederation was now economically united (as well as culturally and linguistically).

Otto von Bismarck Determined to unite Germany by “blood and iron” Appointed Prime Minister of Prussia in 1862. Promoted German unification through realpolitik (“the politics of reality”, a term used to describe tough power politics with no room for idealism) “The great questions of the time will not be resolved by speeches and majority decisions – but by blood and iron.”

Wars Establish Unity Bismarck saw that to unite Germany, the loose confederation of states would have to go to war against a common enemy. Austro- Prussian War of 1866 – fought against Austria Franco- Prussian War of 1870-71 - fought against France

German Unification, 1871