Symbiotic Relationships

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Presentation transcript:

Symbiotic Relationships Different organisms live together in a close association (symbiosis) which may include: nutritional, reproductive, and protective relationships.

Symbiotic relationships may or may not be beneficial to the organisms involved.

Types of symbiosis include:

Commensalism One organism is benefited and the other is not affected (+,0).

Gray Whale with Barnacles

Orchids on large tropical trees

Commensalism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4xrdeagyYM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48eKFw7DDbY&feature=related

Remora fish and shark

Mutualism. In this relationship both organisms benefit from the association (+,+).

Mutualism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af12sXa5-oo&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BEKrc-aXF8&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3bWqlPLpMg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5W3eS1ZdxA&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af12sXa5-oo&feature=related

Nitrogen‑fixing bacteria within the nodules (roots) of legumes

Protozoa within Termites

A Flower and Bee

Parasitism The parasite benefits at the expense of the host (+,-).

Parasites http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw7TSYLRrmQ Elephantiasis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbwDJLPiMXE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgHlDHwNH2Q scrotum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXuoOWb8bGg&feature=related worm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23eimVLAQ2c Bot fly

Athlete's foot fungus

Tapeworm, heartworm and fleas in dogs

Competition occurs when different organisms living in the same environment (habitat) utilize the same limited resources – food, space, water, light, oxygen and minerals.

Buffalo, croc, lion awesome! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU8DDYz68kM

The more similar the requirements of the organisms involved, the more intense the competition. This competition between different species is called interspecies competition.

A niche is the role that a species plays in its environment.

This usually establishes one species per niche in a community. If two different species compete for the same food or reproductive sites, one species may be eliminated. This usually establishes one species per niche in a community.

Ex) bluebird and starling compete for a reproductive site - the starling usually “wins,” causing the bluebird to be pushed out of that community.

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