Important Organic Molecules in Cells

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Presentation transcript:

Important Organic Molecules in Cells Carbon covalently bonded to hydrogen in the molecule

Carbohydrates FUNCTION: main source of energy in cells; some structural Building blocks: monosaccharides or simple sugars Examples: glucose, sucrose, glycogen Disaccharides: two simple sugars linked Polysaccharides: many simple sugars

Lipids FUNCTION: Energy storage; structural component of membranes; metabolic biochemicals Building blocks: fatty acids, many times glycerol Examples: phospholipids, triglycerides, steroid hormones (e.g. testosterone) *Steroid molecules contain no fatty acids*

Proteins FUNCTION: important cell structure component; ENZYMES Building blocks: amino acids held together by peptide bonds Examples: hemoglobin, amylase Polypeptide: chain of amino acids; could be a whole protein OR component Hydrogen bonds hold polypeptide chains in the special shape that determines function of a protein

Nucleic Acids FUNCTION: Store and transmit genetic information Building blocks: nucleotides Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen containing base Examples: DNA, RNA DNA—two chains of nucleotides running in opposite directions (held together by hydrogen bonds)