Thermal Equilibrium Temperature Scale Practical Thermometers

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Presentation transcript:

Thermal Equilibrium Temperature Scale Practical Thermometers

Temperature

Thermal Equilibrium Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Energy transferred due to temperature difference Energy on the move From high to low temperature Heat vs. Temperature

Making a thermometer Thermometric Properties Length Resistance Pressure Voltage

Temperature Scales Celsius Scale Fahrenheit Scale Ice point, 0 Steam point, 100 100 divisions in between , hence a.k.a. centigrade scale Unit: degree Celsius, C Fahrenheit Scale Ice point, 32 Steam point, 212  180 divisions in between ice point and steam point Unit: F

Thermodynamic Scale Absolute zero, 0 Triple point of water, 273.15 100 divisions in between ice point and steam point This scale does not depend on the property of any particular substance a.k.a absolute scale Conversion: K = C + 273.15

Types of Thermometer Liquid-in-glass Constant Volume Gas Thermometer Length of liquid thread Convenient, portable Fragile, limited range (234-723K)(IPTS) Constant Volume Gas Thermometer Pressure of a fixed mass of gas Wide range, accurate Bulky, inconvenient, slow to respond Below 90K

Types of Thermometer Resistance Thermocouple Electrical resistance of platinum coil Wide range, accurate Best type for small temp differences Slow to respond 90-903 K Thermocouple emf across junctions of 2 dissimilar metals Fast response, wide range Can be stored For accuracy, high resistance millivoltmeter must be used 903-1336K

Types of Thermometer Pyrometer Color of thermal radiation from hot object No contact with hot object Can be portable Not highly accurate Above 1336K

The End

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