Meiosis
Meiosis Overview Meiosis - cell division in which gametes are made (eggs and sperm). Occurs at the start of puberty The cells made will have half the number of chromosomes (haploid n)
Haploid –half the total of the number of the chromosomes(sperm and egg cells are haploid) Diploid – a cell that contains full set of chromosomes(body cells)
Meiosis I
Interphase I Cell starts out as a DIPLOID cell. Nucleus Interphase I Cell starts out as a DIPLOID cell. DNA in chromosomes replicates. Cell Membrane
Prophase I Nuclear membrane disappears and the nucleolus disappears Homologous Chromosomes pair up to form tetrads, (2 chromosomes together). 4. Crossing-over can occur during 5. Centrioles move to the poles
Crossing Over Crossing over: the swapping of DNA which occurs between homologs. It gives us genetic variation or differences. This is one reason why you are your own unique person.
Metaphase I Spindle Fibers appear. Tetrads line up along the middle of the spindle. Fibers attach to centromeres. Spindle Fibers
Anaphase I Spindle fibers pull the tetrads apart, with sister chromatids remaining together. 2. Chromosomes are pulled to the centrioles.
Telophase I Spindle Fibers and centrioles disappear. Nucleus reappears around each of the new sets of chromosomes. Cell starts to form a break at the middle and starts to pinch in at the sides.
Telophase I (continued) Cytokinesis occurs
Continues with both cells, but this will only show one Meiosis II Continues with both cells, but this will only show one Movie
Prophase II 1. Chromosomes are already visible 2. Nucleus disappears 3. Centrioles move to the poles
Metaphase II 1. Spindle Fibers appear 2. Chromosomes are lined up along middle of cell
Anaphase II Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to each pole.
Telophase II 1. Spindle fibers and centrioles disappear 2. A nucleus appears around each set of chromosomes 3. Cell starts to pinch in at the center
Telophase II (Continued) 1. Both cells divide (cytokinesis), leaving 4 new cells 2. Each with half the number of chromosomes the original cell had. 3. Each cell is now HAPLOID, called a gamete. 4. Gametes can be sperms or eggs.
Spermatogenesis- making sperm cells by meiosis. Makes 4 sperm Movie
Oogenesis - making egg cells by meiosis. Makes 1 egg and 3 polar bodies Movie
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Happens all over body PMAT Makes 2 cells Diploid cells—full set of chromosomes Body cells (Somatic cells) 1 set of divisions
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis Reproductive organs PMAT PMAT Makes 4 cells Haploid—1/2 set of chromosomes Sex cells (Gametes) 2 sets of divisions Crossing over