Respiratory System The respiratory system is the system in the human body that allows us to breathe. It has two important functions – It brings oxygen into the body It removes carbon dioxide out of the body

RESPIRATORY QUICK-QUIZ

RESPIRATORY QUICK-QUIZ B A Bonus question: name of the flap of tissue that stops food going into the lungs C D E F K G J H I

RESPIRATORY QUICK-QUIZ B. Pharynx A. Nasal cavity Bonus question: Epiglottis! C. Larynx D. Trachea E. Lung F. Bronchi K. Ribs G. Bronchioles J. Intercostal Muscles H. Alveoli I. Diaphragm

HOW TO WE BREATHE? VENTILATION The movement of air between the environment and the lungs via inhalation (air coming in) and exhalation (air going out). The air we breathe = 78% nitrogen + 21% oxygen + 1% other gases (eg. carbon dioxide)

HOW TO WE BREATHE? BREATHING IN (Inhalation) Diaphragm moves downward and the rib cage moves up and out. This increases the size of the lungs and allows air to come in. BREATHING OUT (Exhalation) Diaphragm moves upward and the rib cage moves down and in. This decreases the size of the lungs are forced the air to move out.

When you breathe in, you take fresh air into the lungs Fresh air travels … … in through your nose and mouth … down through the trachea and the bronchi … down the bronchioles and into the alveoli … oxygen moves into the blood stream … oxygen is used up by cells

When you breathe in, you take fresh air into the lungs Your body gets rid of carbon dioxide and water vapour when you breathe out When you breathe in, you take fresh air into the lungs Fresh air travels … … and out through the nose and mouth … in through your nose and mouth … up through the bronchi and trachea … down through the trachea and the bronchi … and moves into the alveoli and bronchioles … down the bronchioles and into the alveoli … carbon dioxide and water moves into the blood and travels back to lungs … oxygen moves into the blood stream … oxygen is used up by cells … carbon dioxide and water produced by cells

QUICK-QUIZ Match each structure with its function: Structures: Nasal cavity, alveoli, ribs, trachea, larynx Protect the heart and lungs The main airway from the pharynx to the lungs Filters, warms and moistens the air coming into the respiratory system. Responsible for sound production Located at the end of the bronchioles, where gas exchange occurs. What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system carries blood around the body. It is made up of the blood, heart, veins, arteries and capillaries. Functions: Deliver oxygen (and nutrients) to cells. Remove carbon dioxide from cells.

What do you notice between the functions of the circulatory system and the functions of the respiratory system? CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system carries blood around the body. It is made up of the blood, heart, veins, arteries and capillaries. Functions: Deliver oxygen (and nutrients) to cells. Remove carbon dioxide from cells.

RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS Remember, the functions of the respiratory system are to: Bring oxygen into our bodies Remove carbon dioxide from our bodies Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli. To do this, the respiratory system and the circulatory system have to work together because oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported around the body through the blood.

ALVEOLI The alveoli are surrounded by lots of capillaries (tiny blood vessels).

ALVEOLI As the blood moves past the alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are exchanged. Oxygen – moves into the blood Carbon dioxide – moves into the alveoli and is removed from the body.

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE We need energy to do our daily activities and for our muscles to move. This energy is produced by a chemical reaction that occurs in our cells. sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE We need energy to do our daily activities and for our muscles to move. This energy is produced by a chemical reaction that occurs in our cells. sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy From the food we eat From the air we breathe in Used to run the body processes we need to survive, to contract muscles and to maintain body temperature.

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy As our cells produce the energy that we need, oxygen is used up. We always need oxygen to keep making energy Breathe in → oxygen moves into the blood → oxygen is transported to cells

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy When this chemical reaction is happening, carbon dioxide is produced. Carbon dioxide is a waste product and is poisonous to cells. Carbon dioxide moves into the blood → carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs → carbon dioxide is removed when we breathe out

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE What happens when we exercise?? sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy Think about: - What is happening to your muscles as you exercise? - What are your cells using and producing when you exercise? - What does your body need so that you can continue to exercise? - Why is it important that your heart rate and breathing rate increase?

OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE What happens when we exercise?? sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy Muscles are contracting more (lots of movement!) so we need more energy To make more energy, we use up more oxygen At the same time, we are producing more carbon dioxide Our heart rate increases so that oxygen can be delivered to cells faster AND so that carbon dioxide can be removed faster. Our breathing rate increases so that more oxygen can come into our body AND more carbon dioxide can be removed.

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart Heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart Heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body Oxygen is used by cells in the body. Blood becomes deoxygenated.

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart Heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body Oxygen is used by cells in the body. Blood becomes deoxygenated. Carbon dioxide is produced by cells and moves into the blood

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart Heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body Deoxygenated blood is transported to the back to the heart Oxygen is used by cells in the body. Blood becomes deoxygenated. Carbon dioxide is produced by cells and moves into the blood

Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe in: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart Heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs Heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body Deoxygenated blood is transported to the back to the heart Oxygen is used by cells in the body. Blood becomes deoxygenated. Carbon dioxide is produced by cells and moves into the blood

We breathe in: We breathe out: Oxygen moves into the blood at the alveoli We breathe out: Carbon dioxide is removed from the body at the alveoli Oxygenated blood is transported to the heart Heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs Heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body Deoxygenated blood is transported to the back to the heart Oxygen is used by cells in the body. Blood becomes deoxygenated. Carbon dioxide is produced by cells and moves into the blood