Phylogeny!!

Identification = associate an unknown with a known How? One way: Taxonomic Key, e.g., Tree Leaves simple …….………………………… Species A Leaves pinnate …….………..…..…..…… Species B Herb Flowers red …….…………………………… Species C Flowers white …….…………………..…… Species D

Is “E” more closely related to “D” or to “F”? Is “E” more closely related to “B” or to “A”? Is “E” more closely related to “B” or to “C”? C B F E D A

Cladograms and clades Comes from the Greek word meaning a branch ____________________________________________________________________________ The branches above a node represent a clade Clade-a single "branch" on the "tree of life“ and all the species after ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

How are cladograms constructed? ______________________________________________________________________________

____________- means it shares no derived traits. ____________ -share one or more derived traits.

Cladogram construction Given a table of derived characters (traits), create a cladogram