Use of real-time videoconferencing to deliver physiotherapy services: A scoping review of published and emerging evidence Authors Stephanie Horsley BKin, MPT1 Kara Montieth BKin, MPT1 Bryttnee Mowat BKin, MPT1 Kiara Stasiuk BKin, MPT1 Gunnar Schock BKin, MPT1 Stacey Lovo Grona, PhD1 Catherine Boden PhD2 Brenna Bath PT PhD1,3 Contact Information Brenna Bath School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan brenna.bath@usask.ca (306) 966-6573 Will add MPT after graduation 1School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan 2 Leslie and Irene Dubé Health Sciences Library, University of Saskatchewan 3Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture

INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVE Access to physical therapy may be difficult for individuals in rural and remote communities and/or low-income countries. (1) Despite telehealth being available since 1997, its use in clinical practice, particularly physical therapy, is limited. (2) As the potential of telehealth technologies in physical therapy practice continues to develop, there is a greater need to understand the research completed to date as well as emerging research on this topic. The scoping review was informed by the Arksey and O’Malley methodology framework. (3) 4 electronic databases and 4 registries were searched (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, WHO international clinical trials registry platform, ANZCTR, Prospero, and clinicaltrials.gov). Inclusion criteria included: physical therapy assessment and/or treatment, real-time videoconferencing , and English language. OBJECTIVE To examine and describe trends, gaps, and opportunities in published and emerging evidence on the use of real-time videoconferencing to deliver physical therapy services.

Table 1 – Sample Size Descriptives Figure 1 – PRISMA Diagram RESULTS Table 1 – Sample Size Descriptives Figure 1 – PRISMA Diagram

RESULTS Figure 2 – Articles Published Per Year Figure 3 – Geographical Distribution of Total Combined Research

IMPLICATIONS AND NEXT STEPS CONCLUSIONS IMPLICATIONS AND NEXT STEPS Outcomes/Study type: Few systematic reviews and randomized control trials. Sample Size: Relatively small sample sizes. Location: Little research being done outside Canada, United States and Australia. Age: Most research focused on 20-80 year old range. Conditions Studied: Most research focuses on musculoskeletal conditions. Platform and technology: Few studies explicitly stated which technology and/or platform was used. This scoping review demonstrates the diverse ways in which telehealth has been implemented in the research to date. Future research should focus on: Developing more randomized control trials and systematic reviews. Increasing sample sizes. Focusing on pediatric and geriatric populations over the age of 80. Examining practice areas other than musculoskeletal. Emphasising the reporting of platform and technology. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding support provided by the College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan. References (1) Jesus TS, Landry MD, Dussault G, Fronteira I. Human resources for health (and rehabilitation): Six Rehab-Workforce Challenges for the century. Hum Resour Health [Internet]. BioMed Central; 2017 Jan 23;15(1):8. (2) World Health Organization. Telemedicine: opportunities and developments in member states. Report on the second global survey on eHealth. World Health Organization; 2010. (3) Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework. International Journal Of Social Research Methodology. 2005;8(1):19-32.