Chapter 6 The Structure of Matter Section 2 Ionic and Covalent Bonding

D11 Describe how atoms combine to form new substances by transferring electrons (ionic bonding) or sharing electrons (covalent bonding).

Learning Target I can differentiate between an ionic, a covalent and a metallic bond.

Why do atoms form bonds? To become stable.

What are the three types of chemical bonds? Ionic Covalent Metallic

Ionic Bonds

How do ionic bonds form? Electrons are transferred from one atom to another, which means that the atoms are no longer neutral. The ionic bond forms due to the attractions between oppositely charged ions. web.neo.edu kgortney.pbworks.com

Ionic Bonding Draw ionic bond on this page.

Ionic Bonds These form network structures, because each ion will touch several others, forming a network. Some ions are formed from more than one atom, and are called “polyatomic ions.” Ex: CO32- called carbonate, is a 2- ion When melted or dissolved in water, ionic substances conduct electricity, since the ions are no longer locked in place. eoearth.org

Which types of elements will form ionic bonds with each other? Typically, these types of bonds will form between metals and non-metals. Why? Metals will form cations (+ charge) while non-metals will form anions (- charge) Example: Potassium (K) metal forms a +1 cation, while Chlorine (Cl) non-metal forms a -1 anion. These elements will form an ionic bond to form KCl.

Covalent Bonds These form when atoms share pairs of electrons. These types of bonds form between non-metals. Form solids, liquids, and gases These types of substances typically have low melting points, and generally do not conduct electricity, because they are not charged.

Covalent Bonds carnicominstitute.org

Covalent Bonds – N and Cl chem4three.blogspot.com

The more shared electrons, the greater the bond strength! Sharing of electrons Atoms can share one or more pairs of electrons. One pair is a SINGLE COVALENT bond Two shared electrons Two pairs is a DOUBLE COVALENT bond Four shared electrons Three pairs is a TRIPLE COVALENT bond Six shared electrons The more shared electrons, the greater the bond strength!

Covalent Bonds

Metallic Bonds Metallic bonds are formed as metal atoms are tightly packed, allowing the electrons to flow from one atom to another. This is the cause of two of the properties of metals: They can conduct electricity because the electrons can flow Metals can also be bent because the atoms are not locked rigidly into place

Learning Target Checkpoint How do you differentiate between an ionic, a covalent and a metallic bond?